Hıstory Of Internatıonal Relatıons

Yanıt Açıklaması: The country can not have a military agreement affecting both sides with a great power or it can not be a member of a regional defence pact was not one of the criteria in order to be considered as a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: After the surrender of Germany and the end of the war in Europe, the leaders of the Big Three gathered in Potsdam, an old Prussian garrison town in Germany, on July 17, 1945 to discuss the war with Japan and the post-war settlement of Europe. With regard to the four occupation zones of Germany, the principles issued at Potsdam were essentially the same as those decided at Yalta: “Germany was to be disarmed, demilitarized, denazified, and democratized, but kept sufficiently productive to provide the goods and services required to meet the needs of the occupation forces and the German population, whose average living standards were not to exceed those of other European countries” (Rich, 2003: 297).

Yanıt Açıklaması: By the beginning of the post-Cold War era, Palestinian-Israeli relations were already at a deadlock. Signed in September 1993 and September 1995, the Oslo Accords provided a temporary pause and a potential way out of the deadlock until the start of the Second Intifada in 2000. They were also one of the reasons for high hopes in the post-Cold War order. Just like the end of the Cold War, leadership was a crucial element in the signing of the accords. The correct answer is Choice D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Decolonization began with India, far and away the world’s most populous and important colony, who obtained its independence from Britain in 1947. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Known as the Eisenhower Doctrine , this policy was a direct response to the perceived increase in Soviet influence in the region and, as such, promised aid to any Middle Eastern country “threatened by armed aggression,” i.e. communism, whether from within or without.

Yanıt Açıklaması: By the summer of 1941, all of Europe, except Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey, was either under German occupation or allied with the Nazi regime. "B" is the correct option.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 is usually considered the event marking the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the post-Cold War period.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Much of the stage for war was already set by the mid-1930s: the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935; German and Italian intervention into the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. Although there was solidarity between Germany, Japan, and Italy, their wars were waged as separate ones. These conflicts’ geographical denouement was also determined by economic needs.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Schlieffen Plan: “The German pre-1914 plan for a pre-emptive military offensive against France, which would involve troops passing through neutral Belgium.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Six European countries, namely Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands responded positively by pooling their coal and steel industries and signing the Treaty of Paris in 1951.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Machiavelli believed politics was based on human action, rather than religious conviction or sentiment and did much to revive the Roman idea of virtue. According to him, religion and religious morals were fine insofar as they helped bolster a common moral code and keep the social peace. However, religion and religious morals should not prevent a prince (i.e. sovereign or ruler) from exercising his authority or acting in the interests of the state. Though he prescribed religion for the masses as a healthy thing, he proscribed it for princes. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The weakest side of Bismarck’s complex alliance system was Bismarck himself. He had generated such a degree of control over both German domestic and foreign policy that only he knew the ties that bound such an intricate and delicate structure. His absence, it should have been evident, would be problematic to put it lightly. "D" is the correct option.

Yanıt Açıklaması: At the Soviet Black Sea resort town of Yalta in February 1945.

Yanıt Açıklaması: US foreign policy in the 1930s relied on isolationism.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The first of the diplomatic crises was the Fashoda Crisis of 1898 between France and Britain.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Issued on December 1, the Cairo Declaration stated “the Three Great Allies were fighting this to restrain and punish the aggression of Japan” and that Japan was to abandon all the islands she had seized or occupied in the Pacific since the beginning of the Second World War. Furthermore, the declaration stated that “all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa (Taiwan), and the Pescadors… by violence and greed” should be given back. The three powers also decided “that in due course Korea shall become free and independent (Gilbert, 2004:278).

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Marshall Plan would serve a two-fold purpose: first, provide a material basis that would disabuse Europeans of the promise of communism; second, force the Soviet Union to either accept American aid, thus tacitly admitting the strengths of the capitalist system—or throw up its “own wall” and thus justifying the creation and existence of a Western bloc.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the 1960s and 1970s, Shah Mohammed Reza Pehlevi sought to implement a massive program of social and economic modernization. Though authoritarian in nature, some scholars note that the Shah’s regime still tried to create a political party capable of mobilizing popular support. When this was unforthcoming, however, “his regime relied on arbitrary, personal rule, a ruthless secret police… [and had] no freedom of press or assembly.” Long opposed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, then in exile in France, with each increasing blunder of the Shah, the force of Khomeini’s powerful speeches grew. The correct answer is Choice B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: After the defeat of the Western Roman Empire, a feudal state system came to dominate Western Europe until the 16th century. The traditional tribute-taking empire based on coercive means and devoted more to expansion than governance, so typical of ancient Rome or China, finally gave way to a system of divided authority characterized by feudal relations, city-states with much independence, and urban alliances in which the Papacy played a leading role (Held, 1995: 78-79). This system was embodied in the Holy Roman Empire for centuries

Yanıt Açıklaması: Glasnost means openness.