Foreıgn Polıcy Analysıs

Yanıt Açıklaması: Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the World in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. B is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: BRICS countries include Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

Yanıt Açıklaması: Neo-conservatives feel comfortable with using brute force in promoting democracy. The change of Saddam’s regime in Iraq in 2003 through brute force and the adoption of democracy promotion as a security strategy in the post-9/11 era in the Middle East is the best example of neo-conservative version of liberal internationalism in American foreign policy. The correct option is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: According to realism, what defines the foreign policy is the national interest of state. In this approach, states seek to maximise national interest and act rationally in seeking them. This is to say that calculation of national interest is self-evident; it can be arrived at rationality through careful analysis of the material conditions of states (Alden and Aran, 2017, 3).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Establishing formal institutional bureaucratic relations is an hard-balancing exercise, so the correct option is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Labor unions, lobby groups, important figures in business, religious groups might be viewed as interest groups and each of them has distinctive characteristic when it comes to their impacts on foreign policies in their countries. Most interest groups have a participation system in which they can easily get in touch with each other in order to fulfill their goals whatever these goals are.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The quantitative view is an attempt to define war based on quantitative data which is possible to make a distinction between violent action and war. War can be defined as a threshold since the number deaths is over 1000. Accordingly , a specific criterion which is based on size, preparation and legitimation was formed to define such events as war. This definition excludes, unplanned, unorganized and nonlegitimized conflicts, such as riots, but on the other hand it includes large-scale civil wars which are ignored in the political perspective.

Yanıt Açıklaması: From the perspective of internationalism, states think they can achieve their foreign policy interests through close interactions and cooperation with other states in the system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Different ideas, worldviews, logics of action, management styles can lead to different foreign policy decisions.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Briand-Kellog Pact is the first international agreement upon which the parties committed that they would not use war to resolve disputes or conflicts that may arise among them. The answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Implementation is a different way of naming decision-making. However, the concepts implementation and decision-making should not be used interchangeably since not every decision needs to be implemented. In other words, implementation is described as “a set of discrete acts or as a process” (Evans and Newnham, 1998, p. 245).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Walter Lippmann coined the term, manufacturing consent.

Yanıt Açıklaması: What we mean by saying domestic factors in foreign policy is fundamentally the factors which are external to the formal state fabric, i.e. “lobbyists, the media, class factors, constitutional restrictions” (Alden and Aran, 2017, p. 63). Thus, unions are domestic actors as well.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Liberal internationalists support multilateralism whereas neoconservatives are in favor of unilateralism. Liberal internationalists support democracy promotion through international organizations, diplomatic channels, and multilateral efforts whereas neo-conservatives feel comfortable with using brute force in promoting democracy.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The human development approach was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub Ul Haq (1934 – 1998). The human development approach focuses on creating fair opportunities and choices for all people. It is based on the notion that economic growth, generally understood as the growth of the GDP of a given country, would not necessarily lead to greater opportunities for the people. It is argued that ultimately enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being by ensuring an “equitable, sustainable and stable planet” is more important than achieving sheer growth of the economy.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Inducing powers are those that would try to get what they want from others by asking others to make materially construed cost-benefit calculations. Their hope is that others would be induced if they saw that their cooperation with the inducer would yield to them more benefits than costs. These powers would employ both carrots and sticks in their dealings with others. The correct option is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Decision-making is a process of making choices. It involves coming to a decision by way of gathering relevant information and evaluating possible alternatives. The decision making process involves a set of steps that the decision-maker goes through in order to make cohesive decisions. When it comes to the issue of foreign policy, decision-making could be viewed as a process of reaching different political objectives. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is D. The term coined by Walter Lippmann is “management consent”, not the decision making process.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Recognition is a political act of a state to acknowledge an act or government or status of another state.

Yanıt Açıklaması: finding a solution to the problem,

Yanıt Açıklaması: Carl Von Calusewitz defines was as follows: "war is not merely a political act, but also a political instrument, a continuation of political relations, a carrying out of the same by other means." Thus, the correct answer is B.