Regıonal Organızatıons

Yanıt Açıklaması: All of them are among the critical roles of regional organizations in the management and functioning of the international system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Egypt is a member of both of the commissions for Africa and Western Asia.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The regional organizations support UN activities by providing information, collaborating in the implementation of programmes and projects, organize conferences, and develop policies.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Since the 1990s, after the demise of the state-led developmental model based on import substitution, Latin American regionalism has pursued economic integration (in the case of MERCOSUR, a common market) across the continent in the age of new regionalism as an open and outwards-looking model of integration.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The constituting documents, which are usually called statutes, accommodate provisions regarding the main structure, features and working principles of the organization.

Yanıt Açıklaması: ASEAN’s decision to constitute an ASEAN free trade area in the 1990s was also partly a response to the competition from NAFTA and the EU’s single market. At this point, it is possible to speak of a ‘domino theory of regionalism’ (Baldwin, 1995).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Regionalism “Political will to create a formal arrangement among states on a geographically restricted basis. Since its main participants are governments, it can be expressed as an artificial, top-down process.”

Yanıt Açıklaması: The existence or perceptions of threats can be another factor for regional organizations. If there is an actor within or outside the region, that threatens or is perceived to threaten regional states, it might be an important reason bringing states together under the umbrella of a regional organization. The perceived socialist threat became the major factor for the formation of NATO. The perceived German threat was important for the formation of both NATO and the EU because it was believed that German nationalism could only be weakened by engaging with Germany. The correct choice is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Peacekeeping operations involving military troops were started by the UN’s General Assembly in 1956 and taken over by the Security Council later.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The globalisation process may easily be labelled as an era of regional integration ambitions, for states are increasingly becoming unable of tackling and competing with global trade individually. This is also because of the fact that the ways/means of industrial production have changed dramatically in the last decades. States do not constitute “specialised industrial production units” anymore. Production process itself is fragmented and various parts of almost all sorts of goods are produced and assembled in different countries. No country is the sole producer, and thus the sole exporter, of no goods. International market is not anymore an exchange platform of final products, but rather that of intermediate goods. Exporting and importing (of different parts of a single product) are intertwined and neither can be possible and even meaningful without the other. So, cooperation is increasingly becoming a sine qua non for all States if they want to co-produce something. Moreover, since factors of production are scattered around the world and particularly cheap labour force might well be found in quite far regions, economic cooperation is not anymore limited with the neighbouring countries either. In fact, State practices do confirm this trend, as economic organizations that are increasingly becoming inevitable are not necessarily established at regional levels between States that share common borders. As can be understood from the information given, the correct answer is E. All arguments given in the answer choices be used in order to argue that no country is the sole producer, and thus the sole exporter, of no goods.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Lastly, the USA is not a member of any regional group, but attends meetings of the WEOG as an observer and is considered to be a member of it for electoral purposes.

Yanıt Açıklaması: "Coup d'etat" is a general term referring to overthrowing an existing government using force.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Regionalism has three displays in the UN system: regional economic commissions (linked to the Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC), regional electoral groupings (linked to the General Assembly and the Security Council), and cooperation with the regional arrangements or agencies. All three statements are correct.

Yanıt Açıklaması: European Union is not a military oriented regional organization.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Realism argues that organizations are a result of States’ seek of security.

Yanıt Açıklaması: New Zealand is a member of WEOG in the UN although it is geographically close to Asia.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights was set up in 2004.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Organizations require material, physical and economic means to carry out their activities and perform their duties. This is because the expenses incurred to run and fund daily work, activities and fixed costs such as personal salaries and infrastructural expenditures are all to be met by the organization itself. That’s why organizations have their own budgets generated and set with the contributions of the members. Organizations have two basic kinds of budgets. Budgets that depend on the yearly contributions of the members as well as on other regular revenues and incomes of the organizations are mostly called regular budgets. These budgets towards planned or projected activities and expenditures of relevant bodies and organs of the organizations are in principle approved and audited by the plenary bodies. As a huge difference in between financial means and contributions of the members may cause an imbalance among members for the advantage and benefit of influential ones, organizations usually set ceiling and minimum rates so that no member disproportionally finances, and thus seeks to influence, the organization. As States that do not pay their contributions timely may pose important financial problems, organizations reserve the right to impose sanctions including the suspension of the voting right. Yet there are cases where an influential State is but only kindly requested to pay its huge amount of arrears whereas a weak State is denied its voting right due to a relatively much smaller amount of yearly contribution. Organizations may also need additional financial means for unusual or extraordinary activities and expenditures. Ad hoc budgets are raised in such cases with the contributions of willing members. There are members who contribute to ad hoc, as well as regular, budgets in order to increase their respective influences within and outside the organization. Likewise, members sometimes contribute to ad hoc budgets with very small and even symbolic amounts just to demonstrate their positions and alignments. In short, budgeting systems of organizations are too not of mere economic and financial character but also have political dimensions, repercussions and effects. All statements in the answer choices are correct, so the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are some theoretical approaches that would argue that regions do emerge as a result of natural processes. However, some other approaches, like constructivism, argue that regions do not come into being naturally, but they are being constructed.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Nevertheless, first, the highest available standard is something different from the highest possible standard. Second, as such hegemonic States are usually the main sources or contributors of the root-causes of the problem in question, their suggestions usually shares the burdens with co-members unevenly to their best advantage. In short, although common problems de nitely need joint institutional solutions, such endeavours cannot be analysed as politics-free technical steps to the good of all.