Regıonal Organızatıons

Yanıt Açıklaması: Organizations, with their own legally independent and permanent bodies and powers, differ from other international platforms, conferences and say summits. They are also distinguished from international regimes, which are in fact general mechanisms foreseen and consumed by a group of States for accomplishing various individual goals. International and regional organizations possess a legal personality, as well as being an autonomous political entity, and may well act on their own behalf despite the fact that their decisions and policies are shaped thanks to the votes of the member States. Possessing an international legal personality, first and foremost, means having rights, powers and obligations within international legal realm. Organizations are not only subject to all relevant sorts of international responsibilities, they also have the capacity and capability to create legal rules. However their personality, especially compared to States which are sovereign actors and subjects, is a limited one. As can be understood from the information given, all the answer choices include the characteristics of international organizations, so the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Regional organizations have started to have a considerable impact on global politics since the end of the Second World War.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The mission of NATO in Afghanistan between 2003 and 2014 was the longest in its history, and it demonstrates the complexity of tasks that regional organizations may assume in the post-September 11 era.

Yanıt Açıklaması: States tend to establish, or become a member of regional military alliances in order to strengthen their security .

Yanıt Açıklaması: Economic cooperation organizations  are established in order to facilitate and foster trade relations and economic cooperation in between States that usually share common borders.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Charter, which prohibits threat and use of force in its Article 2/4, permits States to defend themselves against an armed attack individually or collectively (Article 51).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Liberals (idealists, rationalists) suggest that States are not (potential) enemies but (potential) partners, as they basically stand for providing welfare and peace to their respective citizens.

Yanıt Açıklaması: NAFTA member states are the USA, Canada and Mexico.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the closed regionalism, regional organizations try to protect themselves from the competition stemming from outside. Founding actors try to protect their borders against the competition from third parties.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The six factors that affect the type of regionalism are power relations, regional identity, ideologies, threat perceptions, political regime of regional states, and the structure of the international system. The correct choice is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: European Union is an example of multi-purpose regional organizations. Others are examples of of single-purpose regional organizations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Peacekeeping operations involving military troops were started by the UN’s General Assembly in 1956 and taken over by the Security Council later. Regional organizations’ participation came much later in 1990s. There is a growing cooperation between the UN and regional organizations since then, but it is still a new phenomenon, and the peacekeeping operation in Syria is called UNDOF.

Yanıt Açıklaması: All of them are among the reasons why organizations are established.

Yanıt Açıklaması: (a) To expand consultation and cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations through formalized agreements between the respective secretariats and, as appropriate, involvement of regional organizations in the work of the Security Council; (b) To ensure that regional organizations that have a capacity for the prevention of armed conflict or peacekeeping consider the option of placing such capacity in the framework of the United Nations Standby Arrangements System; (c) To strengthen cooperation in the economic, social and cultural fields.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Although the idea of founding another universal political organization after the war has arisen early during the Second World War (1941), universal membership was decided only at 1944 Yalta Conference.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The ‘implementation gap’ refers to the difference or vacuum between the declared goals and actual achievements of regional organizations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Secretariat is the body that in fact both supplies and represents the legal personality of the organization. It is the only body that is not composed of the representatives of the member States but rather employs officers working for, and accountable to, the organization itself.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In addition, economic organizations can be further classified as well since they try to realize different objectives. Some of them try to create a preferential trade area (PTA) among member states.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Regional security governance has not functioned well at all in the Middle East. Neither the Arab League nor the GCC was effectual in countering both traditional and non-traditional security challenges facing the region. The commitments of member states remained largely on paper, which rendered their contribution to regional stability and peace rather negligible.

Yanıt Açıklaması: the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and the Iran-Iraq war between 1989-1988 became the major reasons for the initiation of the Gulf Cooperation Council since the Gulf countries were alarmed by these events