Regıonal Organızatıons

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the strictest sense, financial intermediation means the process of taking in funds from depositors and then lending them out to borrowers.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The board of governors is the highest decision-making body of a regional development bank.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The RDBs have internal organizational structures similar to each other. Run by their own management and staffed by international civil servants, each RDB is supervised by a board of governors, a board of executive directors, and a president . The board of governors is the highest decision- making body of an RDB.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Although possessing an international legal personality is crucial for organizations to take part in international politics, the opposite is not necessarily true. Indeed, there are regular “summit” meetings or entities that do not hold a legal personality and yet are quite influential in international politics. The G-7/8 is indeed one of the most active and effective decision making and standard-setting global actor although it does not possess a legal personality. As can be understood from the information given, the correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: OAS is designed to get into the act in the large scope. Inter alia, OAS holds in four main pillars: a)democracy, b) development, c) human rights, and d) security. The correct choice is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The European Commission exercises executive power within the institutional structure of the EU. It is responsible for looking after EU’s interests as a whole.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Participatory status is a status for international NGOs that are represented at European level.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Under Article 70 of the UN Charter, the NGOs are recognized the following status: “The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.”

Yanıt Açıklaması: As the idea of regional economic organization is going through a re-organization, economic co-operation is transforming into economic co-production .

Yanıt Açıklaması: An NGO is “an independent voluntary association of people acting together on a continuous basis, for some common purpose, other than achieving government office, making money or illegal activities”. The definition suggests that people are offered a channel of participating in the processes of global governance particularly in areas where this is denied in a national or intergovernmental setting.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The legal personality and capacity, as acquired by an INGO in the Party in which it has its statutory office, shall be recognized as of right in the other Parties. And when they are required by essential public interest, restrictions, limitations or special procedures governing the exercise of the rights arising out of the legal capacity and provided for by the legislation of the Party where recognition takes place, shall be applicable to INGOs established in another Party.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Canada and U.S. signed a set of agreements which ended up with signing of Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement in 1988. Following the agreement, Mexico was mobilized and declared that it would start negotiating for a regional cooperation which caused the beginning of NAFTA talks. Thereby, NAFTA with its additional accords on labor and environment, was signed in 1993 and came into force by the 1st January, 1994. The correct choice is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The soft lending windows, on the other hand, are financed by contributions from richer countries and are replenished every three to five years. Some RDBs transfer a part of their surplus net income from their non-concessional lending to fund their concessional programs. Third statement is a characteristic of hard lending window.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Inter American Defence College (IADC) is an international educational institution operating as an element of the OAS through the Inter-American Defense Board. It provides a professionally oriented, multidisciplinary, graduate-level course of study.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Besides the positive sides of NAFTA, there are some circles looking from a negative perspective. Accordingly, NAFTA is leading a “deindustrialization” in the U.S. due to the fact that manufacturing oriented jobs migrate to Mexico. Besides, NAFTA is critized by turning Mexico into an import oriented state where American goods dominate the Mexican market. e reaction focuses on impoverishment of rural regions where cheap subsidized American imports eliminate local Mexican producers.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The UN, centerpiece of global governance, offers a limited legal status in form of accreditation for the INGOs. Some prerequisites for admission into this status, albeit not formally identified, might be underlined. In this respect, Peter Willetts (2001), an eminent scholar studying civil society actors, provides at least fifth principles in order for an INGO to qualify for the definition of the UN. First, an INGO needs to work in furtherance of the goals and objectives of the UN. Second, an INGO should allow fair representation by members, establish a headquarters, and employ officers. Third, an INGO should be a non-profit organization without engaging in business or corporate activities. Fourth, an INGO should declare it will not rely on any violent measure whatsoever to pursue its goals. Fifth, an INGO should not act in a way that could be interpreted as an interference with the internal affairs of states.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the military-political regional alliance uniting most of the countries of Europe, the United States, and Canada. It was founded on April 4, 1949, in order to protect Europe from Soviet influence.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In developing countries, the main purpose of the pre-1980s financial policies, (especially in the 1960s and the 70s) was to boost industry and development by providing low-cost financing.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Basel Accord was approved in 1998 by regulators from the G-10 countries.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Azerbaijan, Burundi, China, Cuba, Greece, Guinea, India, Iran, Israel, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Russian Federation, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, United States of America, Uruguay and Venezuela.