Regıonal Organızatıons

Yanıt Açıklaması: As it is the case with all the actors of global politics, regional organizations change according to the Zeitgeist (spirit of time) as well.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Diffusion: Affect of an organization on institutional structure or decision making mechanism of another organization. Diffusion can be defined as the impact of an organization on other organizations. It can be through various actors and instruments. In order to be able to talk about diffusion, first of all, there must be a stimulus, an organization to be taken as a model. Second, there must be an issue or a problem. The actors involved would like to learn from the policies of the organization that they consider to be the stimulus.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Tese ve regional groups are Africa (GAFS), Asia-Paci c (GASS), Eastern Europe (EEC), Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC), Western Europe and Other States (WEOG).

Yanıt Açıklaması: International organisations are international legal persons which are established by an international agreement duly signed and put into effect by the governmental bodies of at least three States.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ernst Haas defines integration as follows: "distinct national settings are persuaded to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities toward a new and larger center, whose institutions possess or demand jurisdiction over the preexisting national states.”

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the case of unipolarity, the hegemon would try to maintain its unique status via regional and international organizations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The UN Charter recognized regionalism explicitly by devoting its Chapter VIII to the provisions governing the relationship between the regional arrangements and agencies and the UN with the aim of maintaining international peace and security.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The main motivation of the States in establishing organizations has always been international and regional cooperation.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are also a few states that did not belong to any group. South Africa was accepted into the GAFS after the apartheid regime ended.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Peacekeeping, humanitarian affairs, economic and social development, and protection of human rights are major cooperation areas.

Yanıt Açıklaması: With regard to regional anti-corruption regimes, many regional organizations, including ECOWAS, the African Union and the Arab League, introduced anti-corruption conventions during the 2000s. Before that, however, OAS, the EU, OECD and CoE had already adopted similar anti-corruption conventions or treaties. Among these, OAS ‘was the first to adopt a binding treaty dedicated to anti-corruption’ (Lohaus, 2015: 159) with the signing of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Canada is not member of BRICS.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Secretariat is the body that in fact both supplies and represents the legal personality of the organization.

Yanıt Açıklaması: to reconsider the regional and global approaches. The United Nations (UN) is the new global organization for the maintenance of international peace and security founded in 1945 as the post- Second World War universal organization.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Benin, Mali, Senegal and Liberia are members of ECOWAS and they were present in the commision in Liberia. Angola is not a member. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Liberals (idealists, rationalists) think differently. They suggest that States are not (potential) enemies but (potential) partners, as they basically stand for providing welfare and peace to their respective citizens.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Some regional organizations are established with limited aims by the founding actors. There can be different objectives of the founders. They might try to solve a security problem together or they might want to further their economic interests. Alternatively, they can also have cultural or political targets. The fundamental feature of these organizations is that they would like to solve a collective action problem via cooperation.

Yanıt Açıklaması: First modern organizations were established in 19th century in order accommodate postal communication and land, sea and rail transportation at a regional level.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Regional blocs signify ‘the division of the world into protectionist spheres of influence and rival civilizations controlled by a few great powers’ (Gamble, 2007: 21).

Yanıt Açıklaması: -  Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), established in 1947, Geneva; -  Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Paci c (ESCAP), established in 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East and renamed in 1974, Bangkok, -  Economic Commission For Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC),established in 1948, Santiago, - Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), established in 1958, Addis Ababa, - Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), which replaced the former UN Economic and Social O ce in Beirut in 1973, Baghdad.