Theorıes Of Internatıonal Relatıons Iı

Yanıt Açıklaması: One of the most important contributions of Aberystwyth School is to bring together the security concept and critical theory. In this respect, by inspiring the critical theory, Aberystwyth School analyses the traditional security conception and seeks to examine the involvement of current structures and practices in continuation of repression, inequality and injustice in world politics. The term of critical security studies is occasionally used to describe all perspectives which criticizes the traditional security conception.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Lenin argued that an enormous superabundance was constituted by finance capitalism and industry in the Western countries. However, while capital was limited, labour and manpower were abundant in the colonies, therefore, it needed to move out and subordinate non-industrialized countries to continue its own growth. Lenin predicted that the rest of the world would be absorbed by European finance capitalist and this global system was called as ‘Imperialism’. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There were two particular scholars who played a crucial role in connecting critical theory to international relations by influencing two other significant scholars in the area. The first was Antonio Gramsci, who influenced Robert Cox, and the second was Jürgen Habermas from the Frankfurt School, who influenced Andrew Linklater.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Shallow environmentalism is a term which is used for describing the environmentalists who assume that environmental issues can be solved within the existing system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Green theory of international relations (IR) is clearly different than traditional international relations theories in many ways.

Yanıt Açıklaması: During the 1980s, environmental politics, women and gender issues, peacemaking and nuclear non-proliferation played the main role in green politics, and first green political parties were established in Europe.

Yanıt Açıklaması: “ Thinking green” is an idea, held by environmentalists, that has a concern about the environmental issues like acid rains, global warming and so on, but they argue that these problems can be solved through international cooperation.

Yanıt Açıklaması: As we shall see, green perspective to security, encompasses the security of the whole nature therefore, Greens prefer the term “globe” instead of earth.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The first step of critical theory is to have an understanding of itself, to be aware of social, cultural, and political issues through the engagement in self-reflexive reasoning. From a critical standpoint, the theorist must acknowledge that theory is itself a social construction that must reflect upon itself and take a normative position on the world. This self-reflexive dimension is what allegedly enables critical theory to produce knowledge without reproducing and reinforcing the inequities of the status quo.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The first “wave” of the feminist movement was observed in the 19th century (1800s and early 1900s); and it was concentrated on the fight for the same legal and political rights as men, such as women’s suffrage, equal opportunity rights, parenting rights, as well as rights related to marriage and their right to vote.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Praxeology is the study of aspects of human action, especially political action and ethics. It is concerned with the conceptual analysis and logical implications of preference, choice, means, and so forth. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Shallow environmentalists do not criticize the social, political and economic status quo.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In conclusion, Greens think that extensive trade is the main cause of the crumble of both the independence of nations and economic security.

Yanıt Açıklaması: As a pure critique, critical theory is usually regarded as a critique of modernity and by extension, a critique of the developments and institutions associated with modern society. It can also be a critique of particular schools of thought within social sciences, rejecting their domination. More recently, a large part of critical theory has been the critique of art and culture, in particular the consumer culture, advertising, the media, and other forms of popular culture.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Security as a derivative concept implies that security outcomes result from different political aims and facts. In other words, for Aberystwyth School which questions the objective world conception of traditional security thinking, security would get different meanings depending on different worldviews and different rhetorics. Thus, security conception of one actor will derive from his/her political opinions, ideas, beliefs and thoughts.

Yanıt Açıklaması: End of the Cold War is an important turning point for international environmental politics as during the Cold War it was harder to cope with environmental problems because of two reasons; arms race and bipolar world order.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Green Political Theorists think exactly opposite way, claiming that the international community is already the main responsible actor for those problems.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Robert Cox defines critical theory in the context of his famous landmark distinction between problemsolving theories and critical theories. According to Cox, problem-solving theories are preoccupied with maintaining social power relationships and the reproduction of the existing system, attempting to ensure that existing relationships and institutions work smoothly. The correct anwer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Speech act is a theory on the actual communicative function of language, attempting to find out the extent to which impartial interaction is possible between speakers. The theory was particularly developed by John L. Austin and John Searle, who argued that the order of words has primary meaning and clearly convey the messages of the speaker.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The main principal purpose of the conference was declared as “to serve as a practical means to encourage, and to provide guidelines ... to protect and improve the human environment and to remedy and prevent its impairment” with the General Assembly Resolution 2581 (XXVI).