Contemporary World Civilizations

Yanıt Açıklaması: Islam does not insist on the supremacy of the material, it is a well-balanced civilization and it determined by a balance between the material and the spiritual life. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The dominant ideological doctrine of the Russian empire was formulated during the reign of Czar Nicholas I in the first half of the 19th century. It was known as “Official Nationality” and expressed in a triad: Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality.

Yanıt Açıklaması: This may bring on singularity, a Big Bang for humanity, as hybrid organisms replace our human one and we evolve into Homo cyborg, human machines.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Kievan Rus was a powerful and prosperous East Slavic state which thrived under the reign of the Ruriks from the 9th to the 13th century.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Business Liturgy involvesendless business meetings and conferences and is covered by the media, all of which feature information convenient for the Business Doctrine.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Other European kingdoms of Britain, France and Spain were soon establishing empires by colonizing the Americas.

Yanıt Açıklaması: By the time Hz. Mohammed was born, Mecca had long been a popular destination for pilgrimage. The Ka’aba, and its Black Stone, was in Mecca, according to the teachings of Islam, from the time of Abraham.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Islamic Civilization started to build universities in the 9th century. They built them in Baghdad, Cairo, Fez, Cordova and other cities. The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco founded in 859 CE boasts of being the oldest existing university in the world.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Byzantine and Sasanian Empires fought for many years. The last of their conflicts was the Byzantine-Sasanian war of 602-628. By the end of this conflict, fought mostly at the distant borders of both empires, both sides were exhausted. They were running out of money and people. This 26-year-long war led to the collapse of the Sasanian Empire in 651.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The end of the Cold War (1945-1991) triggered the quest for a new world order, one which led to a Clash of Civilizations. It resulted in a long war against terrorists in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Europe as well as it prompted a wave of migration wave from these countries and others, especially in Africa, to Europe, destabilizing these countries and putting in question the value of globalization

Yanıt Açıklaması: Five Pillars of Islam: Islam has five basic-duties which Muslims must perform. They are known as the five Pillars of Islam (Arkân al-Islam). These pillars are mentioned in the following Hadith (a saying of Prophet Mohammed): “Islam is based on five things; declaring that there is no god but Allah and that Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah, performance of Salah, payment of Zakah, Hajj (Pilgrimage), Savm in the month of Ramadan.” The Five Pillars as mentioned in the Hadith are; a) Shahadah: (Declaration of faith) b) Salah : (Five compulsory daily prayers) c) Zakah : (Welfare-contribution) d) Hajj : (Pilgrimage to Mecca) e) Sawm : (Fasting during Ramadan). E is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: At the time of the Prophet Mohammed’s birth, there were two of the greatest empires the world had ever seen; Byzantine Empire in the West and Sasanian Empire in the east of Mecca.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A significant challenge to the Romanov dynasty and their empire also came in the form of the French invasion, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812. Napoleon hoped to compel Czar Alexander I to cease trading with Britain. Another contentious issue for both leaders was domination over Europe as well as Poland since each wanted a semi-independent Poland.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Agricultural Period coincides with lifecareers of Kievan Rus and its successors – the Grand Principality of Moscow, and the Czardom of Russia. Kievan Rus was a loose federation of the East Slavic principalities, which flourished under the reign of the Rurik dynasty from the late 9th to the mid-13th century CE. The evolution of Kievan Rus ended with the Mongol invasion.

Yanıt Açıklaması: It appears that none, but not “almost all” of the contemporary civilizations may provide the optimal example of how diversity and multiculturalism should be approached.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Seljuks used steel from Damascus, glass from Iraq , and velvets from Byzantium. Ottoman art included miniatures, illumination, calligraphy, bookbinding, and paper marbling.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Prophet Mohammed was a member of a modest clan, the Hashim, which was part of a successful tribe, the Quraysh, in Mecca.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Digital Libraries, Digital Bookstores, CNN, BBC and Online Colleges belong to Global Knowledge Infrastructure.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Adolf Erman affirms that the ancient Egyptians were “natives of their own country, children of their own soil.” In the remotest era of the Egyptian civilization, the Egyptians were insular to Africa only. The patterns and directions of the Egyptian Civilization’s progress indicates a progressive change from the initial formation of communities in the southern part of Egypt and evolution from low level of civilizational accomplishments to more sophisticated, highly differentiated, and spectacular aesthetic and artistic skills.

Yanıt Açıklaması: After the fall of the Soviet Empire in 1991 the world order switched from the Cold War to the clash of civilizations and to the war carried on at the level of radicalism/terrorism and cyber conflict. This has involved aspects of the Western Civilization and of the Islamic Civilization. Huntington has argued that “Without the common threat of communism, civilizations now tend to perceive each other as enemies, and increased communication and interaction between civilizations has actually exaggerated perceived differences”.