Contemporary World Civilizations

Yanıt Açıklaması: A Virtuality Doctrine is what keeps Virtuality as a religion.  It is practiced currently by billion or more devotees and offers the world some gurus, among them billionaires who are owners of social networks. These men and women act as the high priests of Virtuality. They are the virtual society’s top elite and they define for all the vision, goals, strategies, principles, and rules of current global opinion in the Virtual Civilization. As such these clerics are presenting an organized set of ideas; they later become the basis for the creed adopted by most e-smart executives and managers of global organizations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Islamic scholars brought the idea of a number zero from the India and used it in the decimal system, which has helped progress in science.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are unmistakable signs of Romanticism, Symbolism and Naturalism. Some examples are: • Intibah by Namik Kemal • Vatan Yahut Silistre by Namik Kemal, • Sair Evlenmesi by Ibrahim Sinasi, • Hasan Mellah- by Ahmet Mithat Efendi, and • Araba Sevdasi by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem. Other important literary pieces of the Ottoman era include: • Rubab-i Sikeste by Tevfik Fikret, • Ask-i Memnu by Halit Ziya Usakligil, • Eylul by Mehmet Rauf, • Safahat by Mehmet Akif Ersoy, • Kuyruklu Yildiz Altinda Bir Izdivac by Huseyin Rahmi Gurpinar, • Ilk Dusen Ak by Omer Seyfettin, • Turk Medeniyeti Tarihi by Ziya Gokalp, • Vurun Kahpeye by Halide Edip Adivar, • Calikusu by Resat Nuri Guntekin, and • Kiralik Konak by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The greatest of the medical books was by Ibn Sina (Avicenna in Europe: 980-1037 CE). One of the world’s great intellects, Ibn Sina had a photographic memory. By the age of twenty-one he had read and absorbed all of the books in the Royal Library of the Sultan of Bukhara. Ibn Sina’s book was eventually translated into Latin in the 12th century and became the most important medical book of the middle-ages in all of Europe . From the 12th to 17th centuries, it was the main medical book in the West and it is still in occasional use in the Muslim East. Choice A is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Soviet Union existed from 1922 to 1991.

Yanıt Açıklaması: One of the Rurik’s descendants – Prince Vladimir (958-1015) – converted his subjects into the Orthodox Christian faith in 988.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The diet of medieval Europe was poor. It was mostly meat and bread, leeks, garlic, onions, cabbage and a few root vegetables. Rice, sugar, coffee and olives did not exist in their diet, therefore the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The era of Czar-reformer Alexander II is the Golden Age of the Russian literature. In a short span of twenty years Lev Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Ivan Turgenev, and Ivan Goncharov created the genre of a Russian novel, Alexander Ostrovsky – Russian drama, Nikolay Nekrasov – folk poems, and Nikolai Leskov – folk stories.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Constitution of Medina is the first written civil and political law spelling out the religious autonomy and freedom. Tribal chiefs were allowed to settle their intra-tribal disputes.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Global Mind is guided by the principle “think globally, act locally.” In practice, the power of global corporation’s defeats local effort, which is too weak to face the challenges posed by global capital.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the early decades of the current century, the tenets of this doctrine have become clear. They are based on the following rules: - Rule 1:Theelimination of governmental regulations is necessarily beneficial since that encourages freedom of speech. - Rule 2: Intellectual property is an old concept which should be eliminated. - Rule 3: Most of the extant face-to-face meetings, particularly international conferences, should be replaced by virtual conferences to lower costs and broaden participation. - Rule 4: Printed books, journals, gazettes, and magazines should be replaced by e-publications to increase readership and decrease costs. - Rule 5: Face-to-face communication is too personal.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Peter the Great dreamed about a westernized Russia, the land of order, progress, and power and an empire inspired by and inextricably connected to Europe. The Czar-reformer also gave a powerful impetus to the evolution of science, scholarship, and innovation by establishing Saint Petersburg University and the Academy of Sciences.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Varna is another grouping which has a ritual and ideological rationale.

Yanıt Açıklaması: -In 1921 most of what is now Ukraine was annexed by the Soviet Union. -On 24 August 1991, the Act of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament). -The “Orange Revolution” erupted between late November 2004 and January 2005. -On the night of 21 November 2013, the “Euromaidan” burst into existence. -The “Euromaidan” protests turn bloody with over 100 protesters sacrificing their lives in February of 2014.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the Constitution of Medina, the agreements established the muhajirun, i.e., the early Muslims who followed Mohammed, on a par with the eight clans of Medina (called the anşar, or “helpers”); collectively, the nine tribes formed the first Muslim community (ummah).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Politically, the empire operated as an absolute monarchy until the Revolution of 1905, when for a brief period it finally assumed trappings of a constitutional monarchy.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Why is the Globalization Wave transforming into the Global Civilization? Because it has developed its own forms of religion, society, culture, and infrastructure. Technology is not one of these elements.

Yanıt Açıklaması: After World War II, and as a result of the powerful impact of the United States which governed this country following the end of the war in 1945, Japanese culture, which was ethically closed, was opened widely to Western culture.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Novgorod Republic:  Among the successor states to Kievan Rus has been the Novgorod Republic as well as the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. Novgorod was a successful port on the eastern side of the Hanseatic League trade network. Until Novgorod was subsumed by the Grand Principality of Moscow in 1478, it was governed by the veche – an early democratic institution of East Slavs.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Second Wave (Industrial) brought with it the Industrial Revolution, and it lasted from late 17th century through the mid-20th century. The Second Wave society was based on industrial-scale production, distribution, consumption, education, media, recreation, entertainment, and weaponry. These features were combined with standardization, centralization, concentration, and synchronization, and they were in a style of organization called bureaucracy. Transportation is not one of them, so the correct answer is D.