Introduction to International Relations

Yanıt Açıklaması: The terms “transnational corporations” and “multinational corporations” are often used interchangeably. These can be defined as companies that operate in more than one country. Coca Cola, Shell, Apple, McDonald’s, British Petroleum, Siemens, Nestle, Toyota, and Vodafone are some examples of such companies operating globally in various sectors. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Arbitration is one of the legal means and binding

Yanıt Açıklaması: As opposed to international law, Municipal Law is the national or internal law of a state.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Conflict of Laws: A difference between the laws of two or more jurisdictions with some connection to a case such that the outcome depends on which jurisdiction’s law will be used to resolve each issue in dispute. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) emphasizes ten key emerging technology trends: • big data • the internet of things • artificial intelligence • additive manufacturing • nano/microsatellites • neurotechnologies • synthetic biotechnology • nanotechnology materials • advanced energy storage technologies • blockchain. The answer is A

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Choices  A and B are instances of ‘absolute poverty’ while choices C and D are examples of overall poverty. Choice E describes ‘relative poverty.’ The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: With income of $482 billion, Walmart had the highest revenue in 2015. The correct anwer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is said to have a quasi-legal character and as such can serve as a possible source of International Law. Scholars have argued that also such international legal documents as the Helsinki Final Act and decisions of the UN Human Rights Committee may also serve as “possible sources” of international law.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is Iceland.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Six West European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) ended up pooling the production of coal and steel- two key industries for waging war - under a common supranational authority in 1951. This experience triggered economic integration among the members and it would later be followed by political integration in the early 1990s. Over time the number of member states has reached to 28 and regional integration in Europe has evolved into a sui generis regional polity – the European Union (EU). Spain was not among the first six countries. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Globalization refers to the “intensification of worldwide social relations that link distant localities in a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (Giddens, 1990:64).

Yanıt Açıklaması: The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) serves as the main global forum for intellectual property services, policy, information, and cooperation. 'E' is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Global trade rules have tended to favor dominant states. In the nineteenth century, it was Great Britain that set the rules of the game. The correct choice is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: States may recognize the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in one of four ways: • Compromis (Special Agreement) • Forum Prorogatum • International treaty • Unilateral declaration Negotiation is the one of the diplomatic methods, simplest and most utilized method of dispute settlement. Negotiation is basically discussions between parties on how to resolve their differences.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In terms of independence, states are divided into two groups: fully independent and partially independent state

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is E

Yanıt Açıklaması: In line with the declaration, eight specific goals were set, with measurable targets and indicators determined. The aim was to reach these goals by 2015: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop a global partnership for development The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The United States President Richard Nixon, announced the temporary suspension of the dollar’s convertibility into gold on August 15, 1971. 'C' is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Conciliation involves a third-party investigation and the submission of a report embodying suggestions for a solution. Conciliation is often carried out by a commission which is composed of an equal number of members from each party to the dispute as well as neutral members and a neutral head of commission. Conciliation is a combination of inquiry and mediation. However, the report of the commission is still not binding. The procedure of the work of the commission is determined by the parties. As alos understood from the information given, the correct answer is E.