Introduction to International Relations

Yanıt Açıklaması: The United Nations organisation, after several interim agreements, was founded in 1945 in San Francisco, California, immediately following the end of World War II. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In our globalized society, which Beck calls the Risk Society, unintentional “bads” which accompany “the goods” include poverty, climate change, and global terrorism, plus many others. The asnwer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The outcomes of regional integration in Latin America are the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), the Union of South American Nations, the Andean Community of Nations, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: It is possible to find in international court decisions some general principles of law, among which are: • good faith, • obligation to make reparation, • res judiciata (a matter may not, generally, be relitigated once it has been judged on the merits), • estoppel (the requirement of consistency in legal argumentation), proportionality, • lex specialis derogate legi generali (special law should prevail over general law), • lex posterior derogate legi priori (more recent law prevails over an inconsistent earlier law), • fair trial, • liability for fault, and • exhaustion of local remedies. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Of the world’s top 100 economies in 2015,  USA is the top ranking sate with a revenue of 3.251 billion Dollars. The second largest is China with a revenue of 2.426 billion Dollars. Germany is third, Japan is fourth and France is the fifth, Russia is the 30th top ranking state with the largest economy. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The foremost classical theories are realism and idealism/liberalism in the study of International Relations. Other theories are rather recent and alternative theories.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The existence in a case of a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in accordance with the chapter provides a shield against an otherwise well-founded claim for the breach of an international obligation. The six circumstances are: 1. Consent (Article 20), 2. Self-defense (Article 21), 3. Countermeasures (Article 22), 4. Force Majeure (Article 23), 5. Distress (Article 24) and 6. Necessity (Art. 25). The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Zero-sum Game: A situation in which an economic gain by one country results in an economic loss by another.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Migrants into Europe, rising populism,and nationalism pose serious challenges to EU

Yanıt Açıklaması: Protectorates are a by-product of the colonial period but they are not named as a colony. Fully independent states are free in both internal and external affairs. Trusteeships are under the control of the United Nations. Associated territories are the same with trusteeships. States which are protected by another state are named as Protectorates.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The European Union was established with the aim of ending wars and conflicts among the neighboring states that had culminated in the Second World War.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The English School’s theory of International Relations is posited on several sets of principles. The first of these sets relates to the three kinds of order always influencing the world simultaneously. The first is the International System or social order ; this is about power politics. The second is International Society or order between states in a system or society of states. The third is World Society_from Kantian philosophy regarding the liberal aspects of the state system. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is D. The information given in the fourth option is related to neorealism. There are two basic principles underlying neorealism: First, the international system’s ordering principle is anarchy: there is no such thing as a world power superior to states. This results in an international system that is essentially a self-help system, with autonomous states that are functionally similar actors, each of which must always be prepared to defend or protect itself. The second defining principle of the structure of international politics is the distribution of capabilities (power) across the units inhabiting the international system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The six main organs of the United Nations are: • the General Assembly • the Security Council • the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) • the Trusteeship Council (now inactive) • the International Court of Justice (ICJ) • the UN Secretariat.

Yanıt Açıklaması: International private law is concerned with the resolution of international disputes between individuals and companies. The answer is D

Yanıt Açıklaması: These are: (1) the production and trade structure, (2) the finance structure, (3) the knowledge and technology structure, and (4) the security structure.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A system of law governing relations between and among states existed as back as in the times of Hittites, roughly 1650 BCE, and there were the Draconian and other laws of the Hellenes in the west, the laws of Solon, some Greek laws intended for strictly local use but others governing relations among the Greek city-states. International trade and boundary issues led to the employment of international law throughout Africa, both north and south of the Sahara. Much of modern international law is based on concepts that were established during the Roman Empire. The answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: For Hyperglobalists, globalization is a revolutionary shift in technology, economy, culture and politics. It is also something real and new. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: According to Article 2/1 of the UN Charter, the United Nations is based on the principle of sovereign equality of all its member states.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The top countries of asylum are Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and Lebanon; 53% of all refugees originate from three countries: Afghanistan, Somalia, and Syria. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: It is economic liberalism more than any other approach which argues that the best interest of all society is served by rational individual choices. 'D' is the correct answer.