Introduction to International Relations

Yanıt Açıklaması: Based on the per capita GDP figures in 2016, we can conclude that Qatar is the richest country in the world. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Marxist thought proposes to examine political and economic issues through the concept of social class. The correct choice is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The United Nations organization was created in October of 1945 to prevent future wars. Initially, it was comprised of 51 member states, principally the victors of World War II. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: "Arbitration as one of the legal means of dispute settlement is not binding." is not true expression. On the contrary of it, arbitration as one of the legal means of dispute settlement is binding.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Trade agreements between two states may not be binding for all countries, so D is the correct option

Yanıt Açıklaması: Acceptable, peaceful means of dispute settlement between states are: 1. negotiation, 2. enquiry, 3. mediation, 4. conciliation, 5. arbitration, 6. judicial settlement, 7. any other peaceful means.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Legal personality is irrelevant. Express recognition is through declaration. D and E are  theories of recognition.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Trademark is a sign or symbol (including logos and names) registered by a manufacturer or merchant to identify goods and services. The correct choice is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice enumerates the sources where the rules of international law may be found.

Yanıt Açıklaması: International law has evolved its own unique concepts such as the law of nations from the Roman Law.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Because some issues are regulated by both international law and municipal laws, and since the main actor in both legal systems is the state, there is naturally a relationship between the two legal systems. There are, however, two aspects or problems to be dealt with. First, when rules of the two systems on the same issue conflict, this must be settled. Second, as there are common issues and actors, can rules of one legal system, thet is those of international law, be directly applied in the relam of the other system? There are two different ways to answer these questions. First is the Dualist View. This stipulates that international law and municipal laws are two separate legal systems so that there cannot be a conflict of rules. What about the application of the rules of one to the other? This perspective stipulates that to apply the rules in the other realm, a given rule must be transferred into the relam of the other legal system. On the other hand, the Monist View differs. It stipulates that international law and municipal law are parts of the same legal system, because there is only one legal realm in the world. In the case of a conflict of rules, some argue that international law is superior over the municipal rules, but others differ. Both views are grounded in reason. As to the issue of transfer of rules, the Monist View stipulates that there is no need to transfer the rules from one to the other, simply because they are parts of the same legal system. Thus, both can be applied directly. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is D, in other words the first, the fourth and the fifth options reflect the Monis View. The second and the third options, by contrast reflect the Dualist perspective. The Dualist View stipulates that international law and municipal laws are two separate legal systems so that there cannot be a conflict of rules. This perspective also stipulates that to apply the rules in the other realm, a given rule must be transferred into the relam of the other legal system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Human beings need to live together to be able to meet their basic needs such as finding shelter, food, security and many other physiological needs; we know this from social science. However, a conflict of interests seems inevitable when people live together as a community. To keep the community together, the interests of all members need to be balanced by various means; the usual ones include customs, religion, and morality. Community order is eventually established through these rules. The rules of law are among such rules, all designed to keep the unity of a community by balancing the interests of the members. The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Rules of international law may sometimes conflict with one another; therefore, it is important to find out which rules should prevail under such circumstances. In other words, the hierarchy of norms among the sources of international law should be determined. “In theory, there is no hierarchy among the three sources of law listed in Article 38 of the International Court of Justice Statute. In practice, however, international lawyers usually look first to any applicable treaty rules, then to custom, and last to general principles”.

Yanıt Açıklaması: ECOWAS (The Economic Community of West African States) deals with economic and social issues of West Africa, all other organizations given in the choices are established towards promoting economic, social, and political cooperation among the states in Asia. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The constitutive theory is opposed by the declaratory theory, according to which recognition has no legal effects. “The existence of a state or government is a question of pure fact, and recognition is merely an acknowledgment of the facts. If an entity satisfies the requirements of a state objectively, it is a state with all international rights and duties and other states are obliged to treat it as such” (Malanczuk, 1997, 83). The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is C since I and II are can be direct results of natural disasters in the environment.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is C. Those kind of attacks were also seen in countries in the West like France and UK.