Introduction to International Relations

Yanıt Açıklaması: Homelessness, disease, and displacement can all be a direct result of a natural disaster. Such disasters threaten a local community but also the neighboring community. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Although all of the above are prominent scholars of IR and authors of works well known in the discipline, it was Thomas Hobbes who wrote the Leviathan, which was first published in 1651.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is A because III is a violation of international law.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A political conflict is a difference regarding values relevant to a society, between at least two decisive and directly involved actors, being carried out using observable and interrelated conflict means that lie beyond established regulatory procedures and threaten a core state function or the order of international law, or hold out the prospect to do so. Political conflicts constitute a subtype of social conflict.

Yanıt Açıklaması: One question of the ‘use of force’ in preventing war or attack has long been debated in international law. The United Nations prohibits preemptive self-defense or anticipatory self-defense. In other words, according to the United Nations language, nations and alliances should not attack others to prevent an attack that has not yet occurred. As also understood from the information given the correct answer is E. All options have same meaning.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Fragile States Index (2015) ranked United Nations member-states on the following capabilities and characteristics, each valued at ten points for a total of 120: Social Indicators: Demographic Pressures Refugees or Internally Displaced Persons Group Grievance Human Flight and Brain Drain Economic Indicators: Uneven Economic Development Poverty and Economic Decline Political and Military Indicators: State Legitimacy Public Services Human Rights and Rule of Law Security Apparatus Factionalized Elites External Intervention The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Metternich System 1815-1848: The struggle between conservative monarchies and revolutionary movements had a profound impact on the nature of European politics in the 19th century. After 1815, European states were not only restored as monarchies but were also committed to collectively preserve the monarchical nature of the international system. To that end, they constructed a twodimensional collective security mechanism. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Political revolution was one of the developments that took place in France in the late 18th century. During the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, France became the center for new ideas, especially liberty, citizenship, equality, fraternity, and patriotism. Against a background of a severe economic crisis, military reversals, and a series of poor harvests, the French Revolution began in 1789. It first sought to end the absolutist rule of Louis XVI and the vicious feudal system of estates or castes. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Three basic principles address potential solutions to uncooperative relations among countries: (1) dominance; (2) reciprocity; and (3) identity, according to Goldstein and Pevehouse. In dominance, there is a hierarchy, with those at the top of the hierarchy controlling those below them. the correct answer is D. Reciprocity, on the other hand, addresses the collective goods challenge by rewarding actions that contribute to the group good, and by punishing those behaviors that are simply self-interested. Finally, identity means that states redefine their interests and make a sacrifice for the group possible.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Commonwealth is formally defined as a group of sovereign states associated by their own choices, and linked by common interests and objectives (Evans and Newnham, 1998, 82-84). The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The type of government matters in the state level of analyisis

Yanıt Açıklaması: Yellow River Flood and Bhola Cyclone are the examples of a natural threat to environmental security. The correct answer is C. A new ransomware virus -- “Wannacry” is a cyber attack. Homelessness, disease, and displacement can all be a direct result of a natural disaster. Such disasters threaten a local community but also the neighboring community.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The book states that the internation system has an evident unipolarity while the states move towards multipolarity at the sub-systemic level. Such a movement may always have a tendency to trigger another Cold War era. That is why IV is not considered as one of the characteristics of the Post Cold War era.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The most direct and observed result of natural disasters is displacement

Yanıt Açıklaması: United Nations state that “all members shall refrai in their international relations fro the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner consistent with the purposes of the United Nations”.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Securtiy is defined around five keywords: • Security: The quality or state of being secure, with freedom from danger, fear or anxiety, • International Security: The endeavor of states to ensure security for their citizens, • Use of Force: When aggression, war, and other types of force are utilized, forming alliances and adopting overarching documents that include language which will secure the international system and protect global citizenry, • Human Security: Security from threats that challenge survival (such as disease, catastrophes, terrorism, and poverty), • Environmental Security: The need to protect humans from natural disasters and extreme weather events (such as tsunamis, earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods) that threaten human life, • Cybersecurity: Protecting technology, data, and information from malicious use or corruption arising from the use of computers and the Internet.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The worldwide recession of 2008 changed international relations and relevant institutions. Attitudes changed markedly toward the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Sanctions put into place against Russia, Iran, and other states created further unsettling conditions. Migrants into Europe, particularly from Africa’s war-torn states, have placed European states in a difficult position regarding their acceptance of these migrants and the impact they may make on European cultures, societies, and economies. Populism and nationalism also pose their own sets of challenges, with nationalist leaders becoming more belligerent about protecting their sovereign nation-states.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is D

Yanıt Açıklaması: The quotation gives the definition of political theory.

Yanıt Açıklaması: After the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919, hopes for a new world emerged; the League of Nations would resolve all international disputes peacefully. However, serious problems in the international system emerged, overwhelming the League’s efforts. - First, the war reparations brought the German economy to the verge of collapse. - Second, revolutionary upheavals broke out in virtually every defeated European state. - - Third, to end the turmoil in the defeated states, the United States and Britain proposed a plan that would guarantee recovery of the German economy and the normalization of German foreign policy. The correct answer is D.