Introduction to International Relations

Yanıt Açıklaması: According to Mercantilist worldview politics drives economics. 'E' is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are three defining characteristics of an international system. It requires multiple states and these states should be autonomus (sovereign). Although the states are autonomous, they should act within the defined rules.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The frameworks and analyses of International Relations consider a range of concepts. Initial frameworks such as the three levels of analysis (individual, state and the international system) remain valuable; the three principles of cooperation also are valid. But the range of outcomes has altered, particularly regarding practice and policies. There are important concepts such as alliances, cooperation, the collective goods problem, the clash of civilizations argument, socialism, terrorism, and the political spectrum. Power remains very important, as is the projection of that power. It has been argued the world is still affected by the former Cold War (1945 – 1999), and that therefore, so have international relations, especially between the United States and Russia, along with the former Soviet states. Expanded issues in international relations include further development of specific theories, along with the addition of newer ones. International law is now a key element of relations between states and the overall international system. It arose from customary and conventional laws, many of them domestic. Issues of morality and ethics have moved from the philosophical arena to that of political ethics and morality. Humanitarian and humane concerns make up part of this discussion in IR. International governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations are relative newcomers to International Relations. While the League of Nations was not maintained successfully, the United Nations was founded in 1945, immediately following World War II. The initial purpose of both was to avoid future wars like those that had just been experienced, in which tens of millions died and more millions faced ruined lives and lands. Global devastation from new weapon technology is a genuine concern today, and international organizations attempt to address these threats and others, even those from non-state actors such as paramilitaries, terrorists, nationalist groups, inter-ethnic rivalries and the like. The European Union has grown and expanded from its founding in 1948 to encompass many international issues, with even its own currency, the euro. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is B. The statements with regard to the scope and history of Internation Relations in the option I “Initial frameworks and analyses of International Relations such as the three levels of analysis (individual, state and the international system) remain valuable.”, in the option II “International law is now a key element of relations between states and the overall international system.” and in the option III “International governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations are relative newcomers to International Relations.” are correct. The statement in the option IV “While the League of Nations was not maintained successfully, the United Nations was founded in 1946, immediately following World War II.” is not correct due to the fact that “ While the League of Nations was not maintained successfully, the United Nations was founded in 1945, immediately following World War II.”. The statement in the option V “The European Union has grown and expanded from its founding in 1950 to encompass many international issues, with even its own currency, the euro.” is not correct, either because of the fact that “ The European Union has grown and expanded from its founding in 1948 to encompass many international issues, with even its own currency, the euro.”

Yanıt Açıklaması: The  North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) involves  three countries: Canada, the US, and Mexico. The right choice is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Scholars find that one of the reasons for the failure of the League of Nations was that its collective security goals were too ambitious. Article 10 of the League Covenant required members to respond and defeat aggression on any member state. However, no state was willing to send its citizens into another war because of League concerns. The UN was relatively realistic in that the Charter gave veto power only to P5 so that states would not expect to defeat aggression without the concrete support of big powers in the system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: “Recognition means a willingness to deal with the new state as a member of the international community. The first example in history was the recognition in 1648 by Spain of the United Netherlands” (Malanczuk, 1997, 82-83). The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Immanuel Wallerstein popularized The World Systems Theory.

Yanıt Açıklaması: For as long as any state interacted with another in any politically significant manner, international relations were involved: relations between states. International relations encompass all sorts of interstate activities: trade, travel, war, peace, the environment, social interactions, religions, natural resources, diplomacy and many more exchanges of various types. The history of international relations began when two states interacted with one another. Four types of state systems evolved (the independent, hegemonic, imperial, and feudal) . The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Marx identified five successive stages in world history: primitive societies, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, and communism. The answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Treaties can be referred to as agreements, conventions, or covenants. A momerandum of understanding is a written agreement which is not intended to be a treaty.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Vienna Convention of Law of Treaties, the Law of the Sea Convention, Geneva Conventions and human rights conventions are the examples of law-making treaties. The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is E since Russia is not a country included in NATO.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Pegging is a method of stabilizing a country’s currency by fixing its exchange rate to that of another country. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Sovereignty: “Supreme authority in a state. In any state sovereignty is vested in the institution, person, or body having the ultimate authority to impose law on everyone else in the state and the power to alter any pre-existing law. In international law, it is an essential aspect of sovereignty that all states should have supreme control over their internal affairs, subject to the recognized limitations imposed by international law. However, no state or international organization may intervene in matters that fall within the domestic jurisdiction of another state” The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The tourism sector was the most affected element by terrorist attacks

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are two kinds of international law: private and public. The former is concerned with the resolution of international disputes between individuals and companies, while the latter governs relations among states. It includes such things as claims to territory, the use of the sea, arms control, and human rights.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The United Nations Security Council has five permanent members: Russia, the United States, China, France, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Together, these powers are known as the “P5”. They are the victors from World War II. These states have also veto power.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The richest and poorest countries in the world (2016) are Qatar and Central African Republic. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to suffer from extreme poverty and hunger. Half of the extreme poor of world population live in this region.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The concept of “Conflict of Laws” means that there exists a difference between the laws of two or more jurisdictions with some connection to a case.