Introduction to International Relations

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is A

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is E. It is related to The ICRC.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Teaching of publicists are non-binding, subsidiary sources, all the others are binding, so the correct option is A

Yanıt Açıklaması: The four “Asian tigers”  are Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The United Nations Security Council has five permanent members: Russia, the United States, China, France, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Together, these powers are known as the “P5”. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The more recent regional cooperation and integration efforts in Africa have mostly focused on economic gains and aimed to establish preferential trade, customs union, monetary union, common market or single market among the members. The answer is E

Yanıt Açıklaması: The first two views belong to hyperglobalists who, in general, have positive views about globalization believing it is highly promising and aimed at improvement of existing worldwide economic disparities. The last two views reflect the views of transformationalists whose stance falls between the highly positive views of the hyperglobalists and the negative views of the sceptics. Choice C is one of the opinions of the sceptics who believe that much of the arguments about globalization is highly exaggerated. In their view, globalization is a myth, since the world is now less globalized than it was in the early 19th century. They argue that the world economy has been dominated by three major regions: Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific, especially under the hegemony of Western capitalism and US. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Autarky is a nation or entity that is self-sufficient. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Although an epistemic community may consist of professionals from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds, they have a shared set of normative and principled beliefs.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Some scholars suggest that such a shift in sovereignty would more likely be some form of federalism, where “states and political units recognize the sovereignty of a central government while retaining certain powers for themselves. This is the form of government adopted in the U.S. Constitution” (Goldstein and Pevehouse, 2013, 227). Still, integration, such as that seen in the Western European states, with their supranational institutions and the formation of an economic community, largely free trade promotion and coordinated economic policies and programs, seemed to defy the realist presumption that states would never voluntarily yield power or sovereignty, and would remain autonomous entities. But there has been push-back against this greater level of integration. Nations and peoples, along with local groups, may want more, not less, say in their own affairs. Cultures may feel threatened with the centralization of political authority, information and privileges—they might not wish for homogeneous or melting pot effects. Nationalism has been on the rise over the past decade throughout Europe and elsewhere. Some of this nationalism has led to dis-integration such as that which occurred after the fall of the Soviet Union, especially in the former Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union itself (leaving, technically, Russia as the remaining entity from the original Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) There is, without question, a tension between integration, no matter at what level, and nationalism.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In 1957, the Treaty of Rome created the European Economic Community, or the “Common Market,” later renamed the European Community.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States declares in Article 1: The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: • a permanent population; • a defined territory; • government; and • capacity to enter into relations with the other states. The answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Liberal theory (idealism) was also formulated in the 16th century and forward. Thus, realism was not the sole theory International Relations scholars took up. Classical liberalism is a political philosophy and an ideology in which primary emphasis is placed on securing the freedoms of the individual by limiting the power of the government.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The consent of states creates the rules. States demonstrate their consent by: - their written consent (agreements) and - their attitudes (custom) as well as in - their domestic legal order (general principles of law). The answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Lasting about 45 years, from 1945 (the end of World War II) until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 . This was a period of highest tensions between the Western bloc countries (primarily the United States) and the Eastern bloc (mainly the U.S.S.R. and states controlled by the Soviet Union). It was initially a political stand-off, but escalated. The two main actors sought to set up zones of control that included countries within their geographic reach. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The term “invisible hand” is a metaphor for how, in a free market economy, self-interested individuals operate through a system of mutual interdependence to promote the general benefit of society at large.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Held et al. (1999:2) explain that “in its simplest sense globalization refers to the widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnectedness.” The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product. It holds that the greater the quantity of a good produced, the lower the per-unit fixed cost. 'A' is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is A.