Introduction to World Civilization

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Mesopotamian Civilization was the first complex civilization. There followed on the same ground the following people who dominated this civilization’s development, activities, and fall and built subsequent ones: The Sumerians, The Akkadians, The Persians, The Assyrians, The Babylonians

Yanıt Açıklaması: After the fall of the Hittites, a period began when the region was taken by the Assyrians; this was in the 8th Century BCE, a time now named the Late Hittite City States Period. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Civilization had been growing gradually along with the cultural and industrial development of Man as homo sapiens for the last 200,000 years. About 40,000-50,000 years ago, humans underwent a very important genetic mutation, when the DRD4 gene was developed that encodes the dopamine neurotransmitter. It is this neurotransmitter which is responsible for human personality traits (Ding et al). In such a way, humans become more intellectually alert, and as a result develop increasing capacities for leadership and socializing. Fortunately, the climate changes that occurred around 40,000-30,000 BCE helped humans demonstrate their more developed societies, allowing them to migrate across continents and form the beginnings of infrastructure."

Yanıt Açıklaması: Statements II and III are true about the Anatolian Civilizations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The other options are also valid but the most remarkable one is: their foundation marks the official beginning of civilization.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Like nearly all ancient civilizations, the ancient Egyptian civilization began in the Nile River valley.

Yanıt Açıklaması: With the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, archeologists were able to decipher the writings of the ancient Egyptians.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A Polish historian Feliks Koneczny (1862-1949) wrote three books on the theory of civilizations: On the Plurality of Civilizations (London 1962), For an Order in History, (only Polish edition, London 1977), and History Laws (only Polish edition, London 1982). He was an empirical theoretician who discovered (in contrast to Spengler’s a priori model) that there is no one linear history of Mankind.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Lydian King Alyattes started to forge coins during this peace period. The first coins were made from electrum, an alloy of 55 % gold, 45 % silver and a small amount of bronze. Since the Stream of Gediz and the Stream of Pactolus running through Sardis were rich in gold content, the Lydians collected this gold and became a rich nation. These coins began to be used for trading and became widespread, bringing in trade via coins instead of animals. The coins of Lydia had various animal pictures on their front sides. There is a lion figure on the coins stamped in Sardis.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Great Pyramid of Giza was built in the Early Dynastic period.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Diop, in his detailed analysis, states that ancient Egypt emerged from Nubia, in the modern map of Southern Egypt and the entire Sudan. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ability of man to develop,     right of man to freedom  and  success of country’s harmony are among the Grand law of the world civilisation.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Imhotep, a “Renaissance Man,” was a gifted friend of the Pharaoh Djoser; he was commissioned to build his grave. Djoser made a wise choice by placing the future management of his dead body in the hands of Imhotep, who made sure that he glorified and honored his lord by building a most spectacular burial place, the Step Pyramid in Saqqara in Memphis. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Chiefdom is defined as an autonomous, socio-political unit which consists of several villages or communities under the permanent control of a chief with aristocratic ethos, but without formal, legal apparatus of forceful repression and without the capacity to prevent fission. Thus, the definition given for chiefdom in the option E does not correspond to the term 'chiefdom'. The definition “A few dozen people moving continuously in the search for food” corresponds to the definition of the term ‘band’. Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Early Bronze Age is studied under three stages, designated Stage I, Stage II and Stage III. The most important location of Stage I of the First Bronze Age in Anatolia is Troia (Troy). Right answer is “E”.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A German philosopher Oswald Spengler (1880-1936) published a book on The Decline of the West, 1918-22, where he reflects the pessimistic atmosphere in Germany after World War I.

Yanıt Açıklaması: c) The Hittite Civilization centered on the first powerful, organized state to be established in Anatolia (1650 – 1200 BCE). b) The Late Hittite City States period and it lasted from 1200 to 650 BCE. d) The Urartian Civilization flourished from 860 to 590 BCE and played an important role in Eastern Anatolia. e) Phrygian tribes moved into Anatolia around 1200 BCE. a) Finally, the Lydian civilization flourished in the western part of Anatolia after the collapse of the Phrygian civilization in the seventh century BCE. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Nordic have contributed to four, possibly five: the Indic, the Hellenic, the Western, the Russian Orthodox Christian, and possibly the Hittite. Right answer is “E”.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Sumerian society was based on a complex arrangement of freedom and dependence. It was divided in four categories:Sumerian society was based on a complex arrangement of freedom and dependence. It was divided in four categories:• Nobles,• Free clients of the nobility,• Commoners, and• Slaves.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Except for the option in E, the rest are categories of a complex arrangement of freedom and dependence which the Sumerian society based on