Polıtıcal Thought

Yanıt Açıklaması: The statements in I, II, III are in accord with Bodin’s definition of sovereignty. However, according to Bodin, since property naturally belongs to a family, it should be beyond the domain of power of sovereignty. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Calvin claims that social order organized in accord with the true religion is composed of three elements: 1. The Governors, the source of duty is God. 2. Laws, as the products of natural justice imprinted in all minds by God. 3. The Governed, who are responsible to obey the governors as much as the laws of God (Ağaoğulları, et. al., 2016).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Al-Fa^ra^bi^’s written works on politics-as well as his other works on philosophy- appear to have a familiarity with Plato and Aristotle. However, when political philosophy is the case, his direct resources of inspiration are as follows: 1. Aristotle’sNicomachean Ethics; 2. Plato’s Republic; and, 3. Aristotle’s Politics, which was only partially available in Arabic.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Rightist anarchists advocate a society in which the differences of individuals are minimized. ey wish the government to be diminished so that individuals would achieve the best for their own interests. ey claim that the society will advance to the best when each individual tries to achieve the best for his/her own. The correct option is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Capitalism is an economic mode of production depending on the private property in which the means of production are owned by a small group of individuals.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Absolute monarchy already became a widespread form of government in the Western Europe in the early years of the 16th century. The absolute monarchy was a combination of blood and iron depending clearly on force to a great extend.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The original position refers to a hypothetical position of primordial equality in which parties stand behind a veil of ignorance where they have no knowledge of their own societal positions (for example, their social class and statue, natural assets and abilities, their life plans and conception of the good, cultural belonging, or generation), except that of “the general facts about human society”. Thus, E is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Calvinist reformism dignifies work and personal success, and this constitutes the basis for capitalist development. Advanced capitalism, in turn, resolved the Calvinist limits of true religion around the believers of personal skills, industriousness and success. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: I. Economic factors III. Social factors IV. Class consciousness

Yanıt Açıklaması: The difference between the utilitarian and libertarian accounts of social justice is based on the priorities of each conception. Libertarianism highlights the importance of certain inalienable rights of individual whilst utilitarianism attaches priority to the aggregative interests of society with a perspective putting the individuals’ rights at the second row. The correct answer is choice A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Both in classical and contemporary ages, the idea of social justice is discussed in relation to various concepts such as rights, desert, merit, rule, covenant, consent, free-will, freedom, fairness, choice, well-being, poverty, inequality. However, “religion” is not one of those concepts. The correct answer is choice E.