İşletmeye Giriş

Yanıt Açıklaması: The research and development function is necessary for firms to develop new and innovative products to meet customers’ needs or to exceed their expectations. Many firms are also involved with using new technologies such as the use of information and communications technology and the Internet in their operations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits. Therefore, profits are the rewards entrepreneurs receive for producing goods and services that consumers want. Stockholders or shareholders own a part of a company through ownership of a company’s stocks or shares. Owners benefit from profits while shareholders receive dividends.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Social security is not one of these conditions. Doğru cevap B’dir.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Different contingency theories examine the match between the leadership approach and the environmental composition. Each of the theories attempts to answer “if-then” contingencies.

Yanıt Açıklaması: the disadvantages of external recruiting sources; • May not select someone who will “fit” the job or organization • May cause morale problems for internal candidates not selected • Longer“adjustment”or orientation time.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ronen and Shenkar reviewed eight empirical studies that used attitudinal data to cluster countries, and presented a final synthesis of clusters. The countries that were characterized as former British colonies are included in the Anglo cluster. The Anglo Cluster comprises Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa , and the United States of America. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A bonus is an individual performance incentive in the form of a special payment made over and above the employee’s salary.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Middle managers are department heads, branch, or plant managers. Middle level management is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the organizational goals and strategies developed by the top management. Middle managers encourage and support their teams for establishing division plans and attain organizational performance at the highest level in compliance with the division or department goals as well as the organization’s ulitimate goals.

Yanıt Açıklaması: National business serves the whole country.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Managerial Grid intersects two basic leadership behaviors, concern for people and concern for production. It places the leader in one of the five styles. The Managerial Grid composes five managerial or leadership styles through the combination of these two dimensions: Impoverished management – low in both dimensions; Country Club management – high in concern for people and low in concern for production; Team management – high in both concerns; Authority compliance – high in concern for production and low in concern for people; and Middle of the Road management – intermediate in both dimensions. The leadership style defined here is country club management. The leader upholds the needs and desires of her employees, attributing productivity a secondary position. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There is not only one and the best way for managing human resources. Based on size, sector, employee numbers, financial situation, employee skills and location, each company develops its own HRM program.

Yanıt Açıklaması: For successfully managing the impact of culture on international business, managers: Approach other cultures by changing your stereotypes and with caution. Find cultural informants and review practices from unfamiliar cultures. Learn mental maps that will increase effectiveness in different cultures.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Labor supply is the availability of workers with the required skills in the future. The forecast of the supply of human resources must take into account both the present workforce and any changes that may occur within it. When forecasting the supply, planners should analyze the organization’s existing employees to determine who can be retained to perform the required tasks. Thus, in this example, the human resource department forecasts the supply of engineers needed in the future. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Major Functional Areas in a Business In a typical business, there are five major activities or functions. Human Resources or HR, Marketing and Sales, Production, Manufacturing, or Research and Development, and Finance and Accounting areas.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A benefit is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: One of the most common uses of performance appraisals is for making administrative decisions relating to promotions, firings, layoffs, and merit pay increases. Orientation is not included in these activities.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Factors of Production Businesses focus on five essential elements of the factors of production: labor, natural and physical resources, financial capital, entrepreneurship, and information resources.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A local business operates in a limited geographical area such as a town or a city while a regional business serves a larger area such as the southern or eastern part of a country. A national business operates across the whole country, and an international or multinational business operates in more than one countries. Therefore, a pizza restaurant with outlets in a certain region of a country constitutes an example of a regional business. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Compensations is the total of all rewards provided employees in return for work and services performed. The correct answer is E.