Internatıonal Securıty

Yanıt Açıklaması: Irregular warfare is a violent struggle among states and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. Asymmetrical warfare is defined as threats outside the range of conventional warfare and attacks that are difficult to respond to in kind such as suicide bombings. Psychological warfare is planned psychological activities designed to influence behavior, perceptions, and attitudes affecting the achievement of political and military objectives. Information warfare is a type of battle for the control of the digital space involving the whole society. The basic strategies of Information Warfare are to deny access to information, disrupt/ destroy information, steal data and manipulate data to change its context or its perception. Cyber warfare is an extension of policy by actions taken in cyberspace state or non-state actors that either is conducted in response to a perceived threat against a nation’s security or constitute a serious threat to a nation’s security. It occurs when nationstate engages in cyber operations and use the Internet as a new battlefield in conflict. Hybrid warfare combines both conventional (state-tostate) and irregular warfare (terrorism, insurgency, and counterterrorism). Nano-warfare is a newly emerging field in strategy to use nanotechnologies and molecular manufacturing for future horrifically effective weapons.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ole Waever and Barry Buzan along with other colleagues at the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute (COPRI) have introduced the concept of ‘securitization’ which emphasizes the role of threat discourses in the social construction of security.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Council condemned all international terrorist actions carried out after 2001, including the attacks in Istanbul in 2003. Moreover, the Council passed Resolution 1386 that authorized the establishment of an international force toward preventing further terror acts in Afghanistan. More specifically, through this resolution the Council established the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) that would assist “the Afghan Interim Authority in the maintenance of security in Kabul and its surrounding areas, so that the Afghan Interim Authority as well as the personnel of the United Nations can operate in a secure environment.” Therefore, the correct option is A.