Introduction to Law

Yanıt Açıklaması: Laws of EU in terms of their binding force can be classified as follows: 1. Binding legal instruments (regulations, directives and decision) 2. Non-binding instruments (resolutions, opinions)

Yanıt Açıklaması: Kanuni Esasi (1876) was the first constitutionlike document in order to limit powers of rulers.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Constitution of 1982 is the current constitution of the State of Turkish Republic. Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The applicant complained that the authorities had refused to allow her to bear only her own surname after her marriage whereas Turkish law allowed married men to bear their own surname. She submitted that this resulted in discrimination on grounds of sex in accordance with Article 14 - Prohibition of discrimination: "The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status." The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Alll of them are regional conventions. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The European Court of Human Rights, to which Turkey is a state party, adopted in 2008 a resolution on judicial ethics. Integrity is one of the standards brought by the Court together with independence and impartiality. Integrity requires that judges' conduct must be consistent with the high moral character. They should be mindful at all times of their duty to uphold the standing and reputation of the Court. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Province, Municipality and  Village are Local Administrations in the Turkish Administrative Law.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In general, the legal methodology, particularly the judicial syllogism, serve a number of essential functions which are outlined. Guidance is one of the fuctions that means "for the resolution of further cases- the syllogism provides a working guide for the judges, the litigants and their legal advisers"

Yanıt Açıklaması: Action for annulment concerning administrative acts brought by persons whose interests is adversely effected by an administrative act alleged to be unlawful as regards to its components of competence, form, reason, subject and intention.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Most important argument types related to analogy are: • argumenta e contrario • argumenta a fortiori • argumenta a minore ad maius • argumenta a maiore ad minus

Yanıt Açıklaması: Biased opinions refer to prejudices in cultural and sociological level. Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Central administration is where the public power is unified and exercised throughout thev country. Ministries are the main body of Central Departments.

Yanıt Açıklaması: It is hard to provide an all-encompassing or agreeable definition of law, but a standart definition that contains the most significant elements would read as follows: "law is a set of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the courts.".

Yanıt Açıklaması: Right to property takes place in the number 1 protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are two basic tools of legal reasoning - deduction and analogy. A typical judgment in a legal system based on civil law tradition is a logical deduction or series of logical deductions drawn from pre-existing premises. The method of finding law based upon deductive reasoning means subsuming a case under a legal rule. It is called syllogism. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Constitution of 1982 is the current constitution of the State of Turkish Republic. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Religious law is a term of art which is employed to denote a legal system based upon or inspired by a particular religion. Major religious legal traditions of the world are: • Islamic Law (Sharia Law) • Canon Law • Jewish Law (Talmudic Law) • Hindu Law

Yanıt Açıklaması: The United Nations adopted several covenants and conventions to codify human rights standards. One of these instruments, the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, aims to ensure that all individuals have a decent life and meet their essential needs. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are two types of applications that could be brought before the European Court of Human Rights against member state(s) to the European Convention on Human Rights: individual applications brought by anindividual, group of individuals, non governmental organizations and companies inter-state applications brought by state(s) Thus, both individuals and states can apply to the ECHR. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Constitutional Court shall examine the constitutionality, in respect of both form and substance, of laws, decrees having the force of law and the Rules of Procedure of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and decide on individual applications. Therefore, the correct answer is D.