Introduction to Law

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are many significant functions of law, but ‘enlivening economy’ is not one of them. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Constitution of 1924 was the first constitution of the Turkish Republic

Yanıt Açıklaması: The meaning of "Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos distinguere debemus" is "where a text is expressed in general terms, it is forbidden to introduce restrictions". Thus, the correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A typical judgment in a legal system based on civil law tradition is a logical deduction or series of logical deductions drawn from pre-existing premises, known as judicial syllogism. Common law courts rarely take as their starting point an abstract rule which then has to be applied to the established facts before them. Common law courts deal, first and foremost, with the facts of the case at hand and arguments of parties, and arrive at a solution through a reasoning process that tends to focus on the particularities of the actual institutions that are germane to the case before them. Thus, one can contend that, as a form of deductive reasoning, judicial syllogism is mostly applied in civil law countries. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: First four options are human rights documents but The Code of Hammurabi is not. The Code of Hammurabi is an example for codifications in the history.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ministries are the main body of Central Departments. Besides, there are some other components in the central departments as advisory bodies. One of these is the Court of Accounts, which audits on behalf of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, revenues, expenditures, and assets of the public administrations financed by central government budget and social security institutions, with taking final decisions on the accounts and acts of the responsible officials, and with exercising the functions prescribed in laws in matters of inquiry, auditing and judgment. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Public law, a part of the civil law, includes constitutional, administrative, criminal and international laws. Commercial law is a part of the private law. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Canton is not an administrative unit in Turkish Republic. Council of Judges and Prosecutors is of the judiciary. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights have binding force on the member states, which undertake to execute the judgments. The execution of judgments is monitored by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. After delivering the judgment, the European Court of Human Rights hands the judgment to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe that confers with the state concerned in order to execute the judgment. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: If a legal act is void, this means that it was never in the eyes of the law a valid act. Indeed, such a legal act is regarded as “dead” from the beginning, and it is regarded as nullity. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Usually, in civil law systems, we do not find any general authoritative statement regarding the law on interpreting statutes. The currently employed rules and techniques of interpretation in France, Germany, or Turkey are rather the results of customary law, judicial practice and legal writing. By contrast, in common law jurisdictions, there are special “Interpretation Acts” which are intended to assist the draftsmen or to guide the judge in interpretation.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In France, this method of interpretation is called the exegetical method. The basic assumption of the method is that any statute is an act of will, and thus, the most appropriate method for interpreting this will is to investigate into the legislator’s intention at the time when the law was made (ex tunc).

Yanıt Açıklaması: As “law” is considered as a tool to protect individuals’ fundamental rights and freedoms, legality works as the basis of both framework and functioning of an administration. The principle of legality covers establishment and functioning of administration. As acting under the law, the administration shall use powers conferred upon it and shall have competence to act, shall have legal reason to act, shall be hold responsible and accountable and shall be transparent. All of these components would amount to the principle of legality of administration. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Constitution of 1982 is the current constitution of the State of Turkish Republic.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Of all the conventions cited above, only one is not related with any kind of human rights. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of United Nations regard the rights that United Nations have, not those owned by regular people. Thus the correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Law on the Procedure of Administrative Justice introduces two types of remedies for disputes arising under Administrative Law; one being “action for annulment” and other being “full remedy action”.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Turkey is a state that strict to the Civil law system and in çivil law system parliements maket he law.

Yanıt Açıklaması: we can back to  transnational NGOs The nineteenth century and anti-slavery campaigners

Yanıt Açıklaması: The literal rule is one of the methpds in Common law, whereas the others are of civil law. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Article 2 of the Constitution with a heading of “characteristics of the Republic” states that the Republic of Turkey is governed by the rule of law. Therefore, the correct answer is B.