Introduction to Law

Yanıt Açıklaması: Law divides legal wrongs into two categories, which is criminal wrongs and civil wrongs. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: History has witnessed, from ancient times until today, many great efforts to codify law. But the Code of Hammurabi is the oldest, which has created by the King of Babylon in about 1760 BC. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In Germany, under the influence of Idealist thought shaped by Kant, jurists like Feuerbach emphasized the vital role of systematization in law. Therefore the correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Torts are included in law of obligations while all others are included in constitutional law.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Magna Carta is a document to regulate administrative affairs between the King and the feudal lords of Britain. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Human rights put human dignity in the center of concern. The characteristics of human rights are as follows: universal: human rights are applied equally and with no discrimination. inalienable: no one can have his/her human rights’ taken away without any justification. indivisible and interdependent: all human rights have equal importance. Neither of them are overriding another by being more important than the other.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The information in statement I and statement IV is not correct. The Council of State, together with administrative courts, is responsible for the judicial review of the execution. The judicial review of the legislative power is performed by the Constitutional Court. Judges' decisions are binding upon legislative and executive organs and administration. Thus, executive decisions cannot be superior to judges' decisions. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Article 15 of the Constitution reads as follows: "In times of war, mobilization, martial law, or a state of emergency, the exercise of fundamental rights and freedoms may be partially or entirely suspended ..." Thus, natural disaster is not one of the conditions that require the suspension of fundamental rights. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The exhaustion of domestic remedies requirement rests on the principle that international bodies should supplement State institutions and should not get involved unless the human rights violation cannot be resolved at the national level. Thus, before submitting a complaint to an international mechanism, such as a UN treaty body or the European Court of Human Rights, individuals or organizations must first attempt to remedy the situation using national proceedings. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Decrees are official orders issued by a head of state, ruler, government or any other authority entitled to issue.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a department of the United Nations established to promote and protect human rights. The Office plays the leading role on human rights issues and emphasizes the importance of human rights at the international and national levels, and promotes international cooperation on human rights issues. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Known as one of the most commonly used arguments in legal reasoning in every legal system, legal analogy simply means finding the solution to a problem by reference to another similar problem and its solution. An analogy consists of an observed similarity between two phenomena, namely source and target. Analogical reasoning is an extension of the source to the target. Furthermore, it is an extension of a legal rule from one case to another due to a similarity which is regarded by the judge to be material. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The Grand Chamber decides on the mentioned requests.

Yanıt Açıklaması: 10 December

Yanıt Açıklaması: Article 1 of the Turkish Civil Code points out that ın the absence of a provision, the court shall decide in accordance with customary law and, in the absence of customary law, in accordance with the rule that it would make as legislator.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The petition for individual application shall consist of: identification and address of the applicant and (if any) representative (if there is a representative proxy must be submitted) the right(s) and freedom(s) alleged to be violated provisions of the Constitution relied upo reasoning the stages regarding the exhaustion of legal remedies the date on which remedies for application have been exhausted or if remedy of application has not been envisaged the date on which the violation has been acknowledged and the damage incurred, evidence relied upon and the originals (or samples) of the transaction or the decisions that are claimed to have led to the violation document of payment of the fee for application.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Basic characteristics of the Turkish Republic, as enshrined in the constitution, are • democracy, • secularism, • commitment to Atatürk nationalism, • the rule of law, • respect for human rights, and • social state.

Yanıt Açıklaması: One can identify the basic characteristics of the traditional common law in following terms: • It is uncodified; • It is largely based on precedent and case law; • It is developed from customs and decisions made by judges; • It is not made by Parliament.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye (1826) was the replacement for Yeniçeri forces. Others are documents limiting the Sultan's power. Therefore, the correct answer is B

Yanıt Açıklaması: UK Supreme Court, Court of Session, High Court, Sheriff court, Justice of the Peace  are secondary sources of law.