Information Technologies

Yanıt Açıklaması: Metadata is generally referred as data about other data or catalog for a data. It describes, identifies, explains, manages, and uses a data resource. Metadata can be grouped as descriptive, structural and administrative metadata. Descriptive metadata identifies a data resource. Administrative metadata defines the ways of managing a data resource. Structural metadata describes relationships between parts of a composite object. The correct option is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Firmware is a small and permanent software programmed into a read-only memory. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A mainframe is a very powerful multi-user computer that can support thousands of users at the same time. A server is similar to a mainframe that serve many uses with the main difference that the users (called clients) usually do their own processing. A minicomputer is a multi-user computer that supports hundreds of users simultaneously. Microcomputer is also called as personal computer (PC). PC is usually used by single person at home, Office and business environments. Nowadays, it is the most common type of computer. PC can be in the form of desktop, laptop or tablet form. A supercomputer is an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions (or more) per second using parallel processing. They are often used for very complex calculations in science and engineering problems. The correct answer is Choice D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: 10 in decimal base is equal to 12 in octal base. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Relational schema have some restrictions such as domain constraints, key constraints, entity integrity constrains and referential integrity constraints. According to entity integrity constraints, a primary key cannot be NULL value.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A device driver is a system software that operates or controls hardware devices and is not related to file attributes.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The number of attendant entities of a relationship represents the degree of the corresponding relationship. If there are two participated entities in a relationship type, that relationship is referred as binary relationship . A ternary relationship has three participants whereas n-ary relationship has n participants. For a binary relationship, cardinality ratio can be one of the following options: one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:N), many-to-one (N:1) and many-to-many (N:M). Two types of participation constraints exist. If every entity in an entity set is participated in the relationship type then the participation for corresponding entity type is total. If there are some entities of an entity type which do not participate in the relationship type, then that entity type is partially participated. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Data are unprocessed collection of raw facts gathered from various sources explicitly or implicitly. Data can be divided into two different types: categorical and numerical. Categorical data can be sorted into the categories of values or observations and grouped as nominal or ordinal. The main difference between these two groups, in the ordinal data, the categories are in certain orders. Unlike numerical data, categorical data cannot be measured. Numerical data is divided into two types: discrete and continuous. For discrete data, values are countable and can only take particular values. There is a clear separation between different possible values. Continuous data are not restricted to defined distinct values.

Yanıt Açıklaması: WWW stand for World Wide Web

Yanıt Açıklaması: Hypertext Markup Language, HTML is the language that describes and defines the content of a web page. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Data can be referred to as raw, unorganized facts and concepts which need to be processed. Information is organized, contextualized, meaningful data. Information is not necessarily useful in and of itself. Knowledge is defined as useful information, while wisdom is judging which knowledge is true and applying it to real life. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The main benefits of e-business: • Reducing operating costs of business and its processes and avoiding consumption, • Increasing market opportunity (Faster access to the market and customer trends), • Fast access to customers: enabling them to access the information about products or services they need at any time (7/24), • Elimination of processing errors, • Strengthening internal management, • Supply chain management: Provide uninterrupted (continuous) supply chain, • Reduction of sales cycles, • Increasing visibility, • Communication improvements, • Predicting the fall in the probable life curve of product.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In star topology, all the devices connect to a central device, which is usually a network hub. Since each device has its connection to the hub, the failure of one device does not affect the functionality of the others. However, if the network hub fails, the whole network stops working.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Unicode is a 16-bit code words that extends ASCII to 216= 65536 universal characters codes. Since the base coding of Unicode is 16 bits, it has the capacity to encode the majority of characters used in every language in the world. The correct answer is Choice D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Data classification is a two-step process as training and prediction. In training step, a classifier model is created by analyzing data objects and their class labels. In a prediction step, unknown class labels of data objects are predicted using the generated classifier model. Decision tree induction is one of the mostly known classification techniques. Thus, it falls under the category of predictive data mining tasks . In training step, it generates a decision tree based on class labels of trained data objects. In a decision tree , each node represents a test on an attribute of data, each edge of that node represents a value for that attribute and each leaf represents a class label. Generating a decision tree is generally as a two-step process as tree construction and tree pruning. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A tablet computer (in short, tablet) is a mobile computer with a touchscreen display and a rechargeable battery in a thin and flat case. It is the most compact form of the computers. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions (or more) per second using parallel processing. They are often used for very complex calculations in science and engineering problems.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Processes are the programs executed concurrently. Life cycle of a process consists of the following states: new, running, waiting, ready, and terminated. States of a process and their descriptions are given in Table 2.2.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a protocol that facilitates synchronous communication in the form of text. It allows several users to chat each other simultaneously. IRC clients (also referred to as chat clients) are computer programs that allows to connect to a chatroom ( also called IRC channel ) , which allows users to chat about a topic of interest via the computer. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A hub is a multiport repeater that is used to connect segments of a local area network. A is the correct answer.