Statıstıcs I

Yanıt Açıklaması: The graph indicates that higher consumption of electricity tend to have lower water consumption through months.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The mode is 3 because it is the value that occurs most often. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Midrange = (x_min + x_max) / 2 = (10 + 98) / 2 = 54

Yanıt Açıklaması: 14 : median = (14 + 1) / 2 = 7.5 th observation ; then average of 7th and 8th observations : (11 + 17) / 2 = 14. pg. 81. Correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Dot plot will be very useful when the number of objects in our study is rather small such as up to 50 observations. It is especially easy to identify the distribution of a set of data from a dot plot for small and moderate sample sizes. A dot plot is generally not useful for large sizes of data as it may not be possible to display all of the individual values with large datasets.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Geometric mean is found by the formula GM=(x 1 x 2 x 3 ....x n ) 1/n . So in this case GM=(6*8*9*16*36) 1/5 =12

Yanıt Açıklaması: The pie chart of the continent data is shown in the figure above. As it can be seen from the figure, each slice of pie chart corresponds to a continent, showing a percentage of people who travelled to this continent.The figure 3.13a illustrates each slice coloured differently in a two dimensional space. The correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There is no absolute zero in the temperature measurements. So body temperature is a continuous interval-scale variable.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The stacked bar chart is a bar chart where each bar is divided into subgroups proportional to the contribution a subgroup makes to associated bar.

Yanıt Açıklaması: check the financial transactions of a sports club

Yanıt Açıklaması: The other main type of data is called continuous, or quantitative, for example data on variables “blood pressure”, “age” and “income”. These are observations of variables on continuous scales, usually rounded in some convenient way. For example, although age is a continuous time variable, and we are getting older all the time by seconds, minutes and hours, someone’s age is almost always rounded to the number of years completed. There is a subtle difference between interval-scale and ratio-scale continuous data, which is worth mentioning here. Other measures of time are ­interval-scale variables, for example hours of sleep (on Sundays I sleep an hour longer - I would not say I sleep 14% longer).

Yanıt Açıklaması: silence is data, not variable

Yanıt Açıklaması: arithmetic mean = sum of numbers / no of numbers = (2 + .. + 28) / 12 = 120 / 12 = 10 . pg. 85. Correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: When it comes to Data Science, however, the term does have some different meaning. Data Science is a field that includes Statistics as well as areas such as Computer Science, Database Management and Data Visualization, for example, and has come into being mainly as a result of the spectacular growth in the amount of available data in this new information world that we live in. The need has been recognized for someone who not only has statistical skills, but also advanced programming skills and knowledge about handling huge data sets, the so-called “Big Data” of today.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Midrange = (x_min + x_max) / 2 = (11 + 81) / 102 = 46. pg. 96. Correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In this figure, the scattered data points indicate a negative correlation between two sets of data, here the values of y-axis are decreasing but as it decrease the values of the y-axis variable increases.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Experimental study is a study in which the researcher manipulates some of the variables and try to determine how the manipulation i­nfluences other variables. In an observational study, researchers simply collect data based on what is seen and heard and infer based on the data collected.

Yanıt Açıklaması: To deal with Analytics first, this is a term now used in business circles as a substitute for the word Statistics, but it really means the same thing. The word Statistics is considered by some people, especially businessmen, as a bit old-fashioned, and sometimes even difficult to pronounce! But don’t be fooled: Analytics is a fancy word for Statistics. When it comes to Data Science, however, the term does have some different meaning. Data Science is a field that includes Statistics as well as areas such as Computer Science, Database Management and Data Visualization, for example, and has come into being mainly as a result of the spectacular growth in the amount of available data in this new information world that we live in. The need has been recognized for someone who not only has statistical skills, but also advanced programming skills and knowledge about handling huge data sets, the so-called “Big Data” of today. Thus a new profession has been born, that of the Data Scientist. Again, don’t be fooled: the main skill of a data scientist is knowledge of Statistics, As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E. “Statistics” and “Analytics” really mean the same thing. Statistics, Computer Science, Database Management and Data Visualization are the areas which Data Science includes. They do not mean the same thing.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The other mai­n type of data i­s called continuous, or quantitative, for example data on variables “blood pressure”, “age” and “­income”. These are observations of variables on continuous scales, usually rounded i­n some convenient way. For example, although age ­is a continuous time variable, and we are getting older all the time by seconds, minutes and hours, someone’s age i­s almost always rounded to the number of years completed. There i­s a subtle difference between interval-scale and ratio-scale continuous data, which­ is worth mentioning here. Age i­s an ­interval-scale variable: to compare two children of ages 10 and 12, we would compute the interval d­ifference, ­.e. 2 years.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ratio scales of measurement, in addition to having all properties of the interval scale, have a natural or zero-valued base value that cannot be changed. For example, an individual’s age, weight, height, systolic blood pressure are ratio scale variables because they have natural base value. For example, John and Mary are 20 and 40 years old, respectively. We can say that Mary is two times older than John.