Organızatıonal Theory & Design

Yanıt Açıklaması: A multidomestic strategy is oriented towards a high level of local responsiveness where products can be actively adapted to local preferences in each country market.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Vertical integration is used to pursue growth along an industry’s supply chain from extracting raw materials, production and distribution of products or services.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A core competence distinguishes a company from its competitors and emerges over a period of time through organizational learning. A Core competence describes unique skills, knowledge, and abilities of managers and employees in value-creating activities. Correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are six particularly important strategies of control in organizations: 1. Personal centralized control, 2. Bureaucratic control, 3. Output control, 4. Control through electronic surveillance, 5. HRM control, 6. Cultural control. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A competitive business strategy would position a firm in an industry to outperform its competitors (Choices b & d). A firm can choose to produce lower priced products and services using a low-cost business-level strategy (Choice c). A firm chooses to produce for a customer group who wants unique or differentiated products by using a differentiation business-level strategy (Choice a). A cooperative business strategy is to gain competitive advantage within its industry by working with, rather than against, other competitors (Choice e).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Modern approaches have tried to combine the thoughts of the previous schools; and  they have additionally mentioned the interaction between organizations and their environments. Three great developments have contributed to the improvement of modern management and organization theories: improvements in system theory, behavioral sciences, and quantitative methods. Modern management theories consist of the two important ones: Systems approach to organization and contingency theory. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is “E”. As the first author of three important views representing classical management school, F. Taylor is the founder of scientific management. Bureaucracy theory, one of three important views representing classical management school, was developed by M. Weber.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Contextual Dimensions: Size can be used to define not the whole but the part of an organization and it is generally measured by the number of employees.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Research and development efforts are essential for many firms especially those that put priority on new product development, process improvement, and to advance innovation goals. A firm that adopts a differentiation strategy often pursues different types of R&D than those that pursue cost leadership strategy, and often spends more on R&D. Firms often direct their R&D efforts to improve operational processes to make them more efficient when following cost leadership strategy. In contrast, firms that direct their R&D efforts toward innovations in the quality or uniqueness of their products or services often follow differentiation strategy. Choice (d) is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Aomng the choices, only the second one "profit sharing" is one of the basic types of incentive systems.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Many service organizations are formed not for profit but for offering services to customers in the relevant community. Educational institutions, hospitals, animal protection associations, environment protect associations and various non-profit organizations are examples of these service organizations . These organizations are generally funded by small fees, donations, grants, contributions by members, or government assistance. The main beneficiaries of non-profit organizations are customers and communities. Their main problem is the lack of professional management.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The primary disadvantage of the matrix form is the high level of coordination required to manage the complexity involved in running large, ongoing projects at various levels of completion. Matrix forms are infamous for confusion and conflict between project managers in different parts of the matrix. Disagreements or misunderstandings about schedules, budgets, available resources, and the availability of employees with particular functional expertise are common in matrix structures.

Yanıt Açıklaması: According to the " Organizations as Psychic Prisons " metaphor, organizations involve the unconscious, patriarchal, and repressed sexuality – both destructive and creative.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Organizational design refers to the complete specification of the strategy, structure, and processes of the organization.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Corporate-level strategy is formulated for the overall organization and often deals with the selection of which business domain or markets the firm is to compete in.

Yanıt Açıklaması: There are four basic types of incentive systems9: 1. Personal pay, 2. Skill-based pay, 3. Bonus-based incentives, 4. Profit sharing. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The matrix form has significant advantages. One is tremendous flexibility to tackle new projects.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Hannan and Freeman applied principles of evolutionary biology to explain the relation between interorganizational dynamics and environment. Organizational form refers to formal structure, technology, normative order, goals and human resources. Population ecology theory tries to explain why there are diverse forms of organizations. Population means a group of organizations having the same structural characteristics which depend on same resources to survive and have similar outcomes

Yanıt Açıklaması: Reward refers to allocating incentives for managers and employees to improve performance and meet unit goals.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Extensive division of labor is an aspect of defender strategy. Flexibility with loose structure, open culture, low degree of formalization and flexibility with loose structure are related to prospector strategy.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Resource Dependency Theorists underlined the significance of managing demands of multiple interest groups. Thus, the correct answer is E.