İşletme Yönetimi

Yanıt Açıklaması: An organizational structure is at the opposite end of design choices where the structure is more adaptive and flexible with a looser chain of command.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Internal auditing is an essential part of internal control. The internal control system is designed by companies for the purpose of efficient and effective business processes, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with rules and regulations are assessed through internal audit activities. The internal audit examines the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and makes recommendations where control improvements are needed. Internal auditors are company employees who continuously evaluate the effectiveness of a company’s internal control systems. Internal auditors play a significant role in the verification that management has met its responsibility. Internal audits are internal but independent assurance functions.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The organizing function is concerned with arranging and assigning tasks, allocating resources, and structuring work in order to reach organizational objectives.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The most basic method to divide job activities for managers is to follow the sequence of activities: ? Examine objectives, ? Design job activities to reach those objectives, ? Group similar activities to specific jobs, and ? Assign individuals to those jobs. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Leadership is a blend of factors shaped by the environmental impact. Goals are guides for leaders and their followers which govern the leadership process. Personality and values shape a person’s leadership skills. The latter become most influential when charismatic individuals emerge in times of crisis—whether generated from external threats—such as economic crises, changes in the political environment, or internal threats such as upending reorganizational change, succession, and new partnering caused by mergers and acquisitions, etc. Finally, the acceptance of followers and/or encouragement is where leaders draw most of their power.

Yanıt Açıklaması: People sometimes use the terms vision and mission interchangeably, but they differ in the strategy process. A vision defines what an organization wants to accomplish ultimately, a mission describes what an organization does actually.

Yanıt Açıklaması: “Composed of a variety of backgrounds” is one of the qualities of a diversified work place.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Çözüm: Managers must measure actual performance to determine any deviations from the standards. Approaches used by managers to measure and report actual performance are: personal observations; statistical reports; oral reports; and written reports. Managers might use a combination of these approaches.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Organizing is one of the main management functions that typically follow the planning function. The organizing function is concerned with arranging and assigning tasks, allocating resources, and structuring work in order to reach organizational objectives.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In customer departmentalization, each department targets a specific customer classification and each group would have the needs that can best be served by a certain set of specialists. For example, large clothing stores are often grouped according to men’s, women’s, children’s and baby’s departments. This way, shoppers can readily identify where to go for specific items. Similar to product departmentalization, there may be redundancies and increased costs because of the duplication of efforts. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: B, C, D, E are the phases of the scientific management approach. A is a principle of Weber’s bureaucracy.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Sustainable competitive advantage is either being ahead of competitors or achieving higher performance than the industrial average for a long time.

Yanıt Açıklaması: “The internal audit examines the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and makes recommendations where control improvements are needed.”

Yanıt Açıklaması: Organizational structure of a business typically reflects the managerial layers, lines of authority, rights, and responsibilities in a firm.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Another popular approach based on a decentralized control philosophy is Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM is an organization-wide effort to integrate quality into every activity in a company through continuous improvement of products and processes. TQM emphasizes the importance of each person in the company and requires a commitment from employees at all levels. In traditional quality control, a separate team of experts inspect products or services for defects or errors after completion. But TQM emphasizes “quality at the source,” that is, quality inspection in all processes and at all stages of production or service output. Therefore, some quantitative techniques, such as statistical process control, and nonquantitative techniques, such as employee empowerment should be used.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Frederick W. Taylor, also known as the father of scientific management, was the pioneer in the scientific management approach.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Bases of power Legitimate Power – based on a person’s right in the formal hierarchy to make demands. Reward Power – based on a person’s ability to compensate another for compliance. Expert Power – based on a person’s skill and knowledge. Referent Power – based on a person’s perceived attractiveness, worthiness and a right to others’ respect. Coercive Power – based on the belief that a person can punish others for noncompliance. Informational Power – based on a person’s ability to control the information that others need to accomplish something

Yanıt Açıklaması: Value chain analysis (VCA) is the process whereby a company determines the costs associated with organizational activities. The value chain analysis aims to identify where cost advantages or disadvantages exist anywhere along the value chain. The VCA process can enable a company to better identify its own strengths and weaknesses, especially as compared to a competitors’ value chain analyses and their own data examined over time. The initial step in implementing VCA is to divide a firm’s operations into specific activities or business processes. Then the analyst attempts to attach a cost to each discrete activity; the costs could be in terms of both time and money. Finally, the analyst converts the cost data into information by looking for competitive cost strengths and weaknesses that may yield competitive advantage or disadvantage. It is important to note that value chains differ vastly across industries and companies.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In the planning process goals and objectives will be determined and they will eventually become the foundations for controls. Goals and objectives will become performance standards. When the plans and goals are developed, controls must be established to monitor the progress toward these goals.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Depending on the organizationals goals, if managed and coordinated successfully a diversified work place, a group, or a work team has advantages such as: • An enriched work environment, • Promotion of equality, • Employees feeling more valued, • More effective customer relations, • More efficient problem solving, •More creative and innovative processes which require out of the box thinking, and • Reduced costs associated with high turnover and lawsuits. The correct answer is A.