Information Technologies

Yanıt Açıklaması: Display: It is the process of presenting the information to the user in an appropriate format. In computer systems, information can be displayed using various output devices such as printer, monitor, projector, speaker, etc.

Yanıt Açıklaması: An attribute can be any type of composite, derived, simple and multivalued. A simple attribute is the attribute which is not divisible. To illustrate, an id property for a book is simple attribute.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is a reference model that is used by the majority of the current Internet architecture. While TCP defines how applications can create communication channels across a network, IP defines how computers can get from each other over a set of routed networks.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Physical design specifies database in terms of physical configurations of chosen DBMS, such as indexes, physical file storages.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Software is a set of instructions that enables the user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. Software is designed to enable a computer to perform a well-defined function.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Virtual circuits are Connection-oriented service. A virtual circuit is established between the sender and receiver before data transfer. Host to host address is required in connection setup. Packets arrive in order. It has a High reliability. The sub-network handles errors. Resources are allocated on demand. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Text related tasks such as composing, editing, formatting, and printing of text documents are carried out by word processor. Furthermore, word processing software allows users to • change margins • insert footnotes • find and replace terms • place a header and footer at the top and the bottom of a page • use different fonts (character design), font size (character scale), and font style (character appearance such as bold, italic and underline). Microsoft Word is the most well-known word processing software. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Conceptual design provides conceptual schema of DB. It allows representing entities and relationships between them in high-level view models. Entity-Relationship model is one of the popular data model used for conceptual design. It represents data as entities, attributes and relationships.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Ranging from small to large, computer networks can be classified into four primary groups: 1. Personal Area Network, 2. Local Area Network, 3.Metropolitan Area Network, 4.Wide Area Network. Thus, the correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: E-mail is a method of asynchronous communication, while chat, instant message, voice and videoconferencing are all synchronous and instant. Therefore, e-mail is the slowest method of collaboration.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Microcomputer: It is also called as personal computer (PC). PC is usually used by single person at home, office and business environments. Nowadays, it is the most common type of computer. PC can be in the form of desktop, laptop or tablet form.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Real numbers are represented by floating point numbers that consist of mantissa (fractional part) and exponent (designates the position of the radix point). The floating point standard is defined by IEEE 754 (International Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic). 4-byte version is called as single precision, and 8-byte version is called double precision.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In a mesh topology, each device has a pointto- point connection with a single or multiple devices. Either routing or flooding operations can transmit the messages. Since there exist redundant links in the network, the cabling cost is high in this topology.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Application Software; Internet Browser E-mail Client Video Player Operating System Microsoft Windows, Linux, MacOS Therefore, the correct option is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The computers belonging to the third generation used integrated circuits instead of transistors. These computers were smaller in size, more reliable, faster and more efficient than the previously developed ones. In this generation, remote processing, high level programming languages, multiprogramming operating system were used.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Data warehousing keeps historical data for preprocessing, mining, analyzing, reporting data.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Discretization is the work of dividing the range of values of a continuous attribute into intervals. Data cleaning includes processes of filling missing values, correcting inconsistencies, identifying outliers and getting rid of them. Huge amount of data makes mining data in coherent time impossible. Thus data reduction techniques are utilized. Reducing number of tuples, dimensionality reduction and etc. are utilized techniques for data reduction. Data integration merges data from different sources such as database, data flats etc. into a compatible data store. Data transformation includes the technique of aggregation, generalization, normalization and attribute construction. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The most prominent characteristics of Operating Systems can be summarized as follows: • Memory Management • Processor Management • File Management • Device Management • Protection and Security The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Text related tasks such as composing, editing, formatting, and printing of text documents are carried out by word processor. Furthermore, word processing software allows users to • change margins • insert footnotes • find and replace terms • place a header and footer at the top and the bottom of a page • use different fonts (character design), font size (character scale), and font style (character appearance such as bold, italic and underline). Another useful feature of word processors is the spell checking utility. This feature automatically detects misspelled words and underlines them. Furthermore, it suggests a couple of corrected versions by saying “did you mean?” As it can be observed from Figure 2.6, the functionality offers several possible candidates for a mistyped word. Word processor tools allows you to save your document as a PDF. This is usually done using the export menu. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Metadata can be grouped as descriptive, structural and administrative metadata. Descriptive metadata identifies a data resource. Administrative metadata defines the ways of managing a data resource. Structural metadata describes relationships between parts of a composite object.