Information Technologies

Yanıt Açıklaması: A browser is a software to connect to the Internet (WorldWideWeb) and displayWeb pages. Several browser implementations, such as Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edge are listed in Table 2.5. Each Web page is distinguished and accessed by its Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which is a human-memorable address used to locate resources on the Internet. For example, to access e-Campus Web site of the Anadolu University, https:// ekampus.anadolu.edu.tr is entered in the address bar of a browser. Here, the address should be easy to remember by humans. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Qualitative data or categorical data can be grouped as nominal data and ordinal data. Unlike nominal data, categories are in certain orders in ordinal data.

Yanıt Açıklaması: States of a computer process Description                                                                Processes State The process is being created                                       New Instructions are being executed                                   Running The processes is waiting for certain event                     Waiting The processes is ready to be assigned to a processor     Ready The process has finished execution                               Terminated

Yanıt Açıklaması: The main challenges in e-business are: • Determining customer’s changing needs, • Organizational structure, • The high speed of the development of IT, • Integration of the front and back-end systems of the organization, • A lack of qualified human resources, • The complexity of ensuring security, Growing competition, • Effective and efficient customer service (high availability, ease of use, personalized systems), • High quality access, • Expensive infrastructure of information system.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Knowledge discovery is referred as a process of extracting interesting and useful information from huge amount of data which can be from structured and unstructured sources. Knowledge discovery from data (KDD) draws the interests of many researchers studying on machine learning, pattern recognition, data mining, etc. The correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection), developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is a reference model that defines a networking framework which conceptually divides computer network architecture into seven layers. Thus, the correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: System software maintains the relationship between hardware and application software. It controls the operations of computer hardware. Utility software, device driver, firmware and operating system are fundamental examples to system software. Utility software provide improved functionality of managing, maintaining and controlling computer resources. Some examples to utility software are antivirus and backup software. Application software is a program developed specifically for end users. Application software can be classified into two categories, general and special purpose software. Some examples to general-purpose software are word-processing programs, database programs, presentation programs, etc. Examples of special purpose application software with a limited number of goals are commercial software and entertainment software such as games. The correct answer is Choice A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Guided media (often called bounded or wired media) is the type of transmission media that is physically tangible. In guided media, the signals propagate over a solid substance such as a copper wire.

Yanıt Açıklaması: For storage management, operating systems are responsible for file management, creating, deleting, and manipulating files and directories, mapping files onto secondary storage, disk scheduling and storage allocation, controlling the I/O devices through the device drivers. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Operating system is a system software that enables the user to use computer hardware. The correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Metadata is generally referred as data about other data or catalog for a data. It describes, identifies, explains, manages, and uses a data resource.

Yanıt Açıklaması: An electrical circuit has only two states: ON and OFF. The binary number system has only two values corresponding to these states that represent high and low voltage levels, “1” (5 V) and “0” (0 V). These values are simply called as binary digits (bit, denoted by ‘b’) in computer systems. In computing, other than binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems are also used as more compact forms for representing binary numbers. In computer systems, a byte (denoted by ‘B’) is a unit of data that consists of 8 bits. It is used to represent a character. A nibble is half byte. A word is a standard memory bus width in computer architecture. It can have a length of 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits etc. The correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A device driver is a system software that operates or controls a particular hardware device (e.g., graphic card, printer, scanner, etc.) that is connected to a computer. It allows a computer to communicate with these internal or external peripheral devices The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: A coaxial cable is a type of cable that contains two parallel conductors. Although coaxial cables have high bandwidth and they can be used over long distances, they are difficult to install and expensive than twisted pair cables. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) code is used to represent information such as character-based data. It uses seven bits to code 27= 128 characters. ASCII code includes 94 characters that consists of 26 uppercase letters, 26 lowercase letters, 10 numerals, and 32 special characters. Besides, 34 characters are used for various control functions. The correct answer is E.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Bayesian classifier is one of the most known classification techniques for predictive data mining tasks. The others are used for descriptive data mining tasks. The correct option is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Documents created by the word processors look great and they areeasy to edit and share. But sometimes you need to redistribute them in a format that locks the layout or does not require a word processing software for opening them. Portable Document Format (PDF) is the most widely used file format to fulfil this requirement. Word processor tools allows you to save your document as a PDF. This is usually done using the export menu. The correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Data Link Layer is responsible for providing error-free transfer of data frames from one node to another over the physical layer. A is the correct answer.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Unshielded Twisted Pairs (UTP) are the ordinary copper wires and they are the most common transmission media in computer networking. The right answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Te main objectives of the operating system can be summarized as follows: • Enables the users to use computer in a convenient and efcient manner • Hides complexity of the hardware resources from the users • Acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and its users. • Manages the resources of a computer system • To keep track of who is using which resource, granting resource requests, according for resource using and mediating conflicting requests from different programs and users • Provides efficient and fair sharing of resources among users and programs Therefore, the correct option is E.