Information Technologies

Yanıt Açıklaması: Giving proper credit for intellectual property is one of the more general considerations as stated in the ACM code of ethics while the other options are UNESCO’s focus.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Violation of copyright is called as copyright infringement, which occurs when someone copies a substantial and material part of another’s copyrighted work without permission. However, there are some exceptions to copyright protection. For instance, • quoting from a protected work, provided that the source of the quotation and the name of the author are mentioned, and that the extent of the quotation is compatible with fair practice; • use of works by way of illustration for teaching purposes; • use of works for the purpose of news reporting.

Yanıt Açıklaması: An invention can be patentable if and only if it satisfies some certain requirements, which differ from a country to the others. However, the following can be considered as general conditions of an invention to be patentable: • Subject; the subject of the invention must be in a scope of patentable subjects, which are described by national laws. • Applicability; the invention must have a practical application for industrial or agricultural purposes • Novelty; the invention must be new, its contribution in the technical field should be beyond to the state-of-art, • Inventive step; The invention must not be obvious, the proposed solution to the considered problem could not be reduced by someone with average knowledge of the technical field Presentation of the invention; The invention must be clearly and completely described while applying for a patent.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In information technology, there are three principle goals of security (1) confidentiality, (2) integrity, and (3) availability of information.

Yanıt Açıklaması: In general, the definition of an adversary is as follows: Any person, group or force that may intentionally infringe on the integrity, confidentiality and availability of information. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: IT is often understood as application of computing machines in certain networks, some of which provide communication protocols by using routers and other network devices in order to ensure that millions of computers can exchange, store, transmit, and receive data. That is, millions of people can make a skype meeting, shop, communicate, find virtual friends whenever they connect the network. In addition, by one of the recent improvements in IT, called as cloud technology, we can store and share any type of data such as photos, which may need a large space in sense of Giga bytes instead of using physical storage disks. These opportunities have facilitated and simplified our life.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Intellectual property is often classified as an industrial property and copyright. Considering The Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (1967), the following are protected by Industrial property rights: • inventions, industrial designs, • trademarks, service marks, commercial names and designations, • protection against unfair competition, and the following are protected by copyrights • literary, artistic and scientific works, • performances of performing artists, phonograms and broadcasts; • paintings and sculptures, films and technology- based works (computer programs and electronic databases).

Yanıt Açıklaması: The answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Electronic funds transfer (EFT): EFT is the electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another via computer-based systems without the direct intervention of bank staff.

Yanıt Açıklaması: ACM code of ethics consists of four sections, however, the first section and third one address the ethical considerations, where, compared to third section, the first one takes into account the more general moral considerations.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Augmented Reality (Augmented Reality, AR), allows you to superimpose computer-generated images to the real ones, increasing the information content (think of the famous Robocop movie, where the hero drew the world’s information and the right people through data that were stacked to view).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Control and Reliability: The biggest fear of cloud computing lies in its main advantage - the ability to outsource the IT power to a specialized provider.

Yanıt Açıklaması: ERP is an acronym for enterprise resource planning, while the other available choices are acronyms for e-commerce models such as business to consumer and business to business.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Since each of the participiants has a key pair in which one of the keys is public and the other one is private, the communication between participiants are provided with public key cryptography.  Data encrypted by the private key can only be decrypted by its public key counterpart. Data encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted with its private key. If John encrypts a message with his private key both July and Mary can decrypt the message. Because they know John's public key. If John encypts a message with Mary's public key, only Mary can decrypt the message. If John takes a message encrypted by his public key, the message may be sent by either Mary or July because both of them know John's public key. Correct answer is A.

Yanıt Açıklaması: E-business is the use of the Internet for all kinds of business processes, and thus includes e-commerce. As a subset of e-business, e-commerce entails selling and buying products over the Internet. The internet, or internet technologies provide the infrastructure at the core of both e-commerce and e-business.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The augmented reality can be defined as a union between the real and the virtual image: the real image, in essence, are superimposed virtual details that complement each other, thus creating a unique environment. Precisely, in augmented reality, you can integrate the actual image with a series of virtual products such as videos and 3D animations, audio or multimedia elements, and much more. The Augmented reality is a technology that allows you to “multiply” our experience of reality through visual indicators.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Private Cloud: Te “private cloud” is a computer infrastructure (network of connected computers to provide services) mainly dedicated to the needs of a single organization. They are located and controlled either by companies’ IT department or third party services (in the traditional form of hosting server), to have a precise control on data. Te private clouds can be compared to traditional data centers.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a protocol that facilitates synchronous communication in the form of text. It allows several users to chat each other simultaneously.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The definition given in the question is known as the threat definition. Threat: It is an action or possible event to violate the security of the system by exploiting known or unknown vulnerabilities (weak points in the security of the system). Threats can be the source of natural events, accidents, or intentional attacks to harm the computer system. Simply, a threat can be considered what it is aimed to be protected against. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Security is a degree of protection of computer hardware and software from intentional or unintentional changes, uses, spoofing, spread of information over unauthorized people. Correct answer is C.